Diamond Heart: Essential Oils Guide

Essential Oils Guide

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About This Guide

The following Essential Oils Guide, written by Kathryn Sharp, is available as a hard copy, ring binder book available from www.whitesagelanding.net.

This book provides valuable information on the use of essential oils for self-medication. Information is provided on internal and external uses, physical, mental, and spiritual uses. Please consider the toxicology information and applications information when using an oil that is unfamiliar to you, in order to make an informed choice.
Aromatic Profile

Essential oil, extract, or absolute:
Botanical name:
Date:
Batch Number:

Top notes: Begin to 15 minutes

Heart Notes: 15 minutes to 1 hour

Base notes: Up to several days

Physical/energetic responses:

Emotional responses: ___vivacity ___passion ___mystery ___euphoria ___fantasy ___clarity
___serenity ___dream or visionary state ___others:

Sensory: ___hot/warm ___cold/cool ___moist ___dry ___neutral

Chakras: ___root ___navel ___solar plexus ___heart ___throat ___third eye ___crown ___others:

Color(s) evoked:

Gender: ___masculine ___feminine ___both ___neutral

Element: ___earth ___air ___fire ___water ___ether ___other:

Season: ___spring-rising ___fall-dropping ___winter-contracting ___summer-expanding

Intuitive information:

Notes: ___Citrus ___ Fruity ___ Floral ___ Spicy ___ Sweet ___ Balsamic ___Animal/musky ___ Resinous ___Camphoraceous ___ Sour ___Smoky ___Woody ___Herbaceous ___Minty ___Green/leafy___ Coniferous
Essential Oil Dilution Ratios

Dilution ratios for external applications:

1% dilution = children, elderly, pregnant, very sensitive
         8 drops essential oil in 1 oz. carrier
         4 drops essential oil in 1/2 oz. carrier
         3 drops essential oil in 2 drams carrier

2% dilution = use for massage and most applications
         15 drops essential oil in 1 oz. carrier
         8 drops essential oil in 1/2 oz. carrier
         5 drops essential oil in 2 drams carrier

4% dilution = for local inflammation, pain reduction, burns, when desiring stronger effects
         30 drops essential oil in 1 oz. carrier
         15 drops essential oil in 1/2 oz. carrier
         10 drops essential oil in 2 drams carrier
General Toxicology Information
CHEMISTRY AND TOXICOLOGY

An essential oil may contain anywhere from 50 to thousands of different chemical constituents. This chemical diversity creates several unique characteristics.

Resistance phenomenon: Many invading organisms, viruses and bacteria, can adapt over time to synthetic chemical-based drugs. Because they contain a simple chemical make-up, antibiotics are relatively easy for an organism to adapt to. If they are able to adapt and become immune, the antibiotic then becomes ineffective for subsequent treatment. In time, organisms adapt so well that they no longer respond to antibiotic treatment. Science must then come up with a new, stronger chemical to fight this super resistant organism. This ability of organisms to adapt to drugs is called “resistance phenomenon."

Because essential oils contain so many diverse chemicals, bacteria and organisms can not adapt to them. Virtually no resistance phenomena have been reported for any of the oils, according to experts in the field. Because the oils are a product of nature, always changing with each new distillation, there is practically no possibility that resistance phenomenon will ever be encountered. To read more about resistance phenomenon and essential oils, read Healing with Essential Oils and Medical Aromatherapy by Kurt Schnaubelt.

Feedback loops: By isolating one chemical as is done in the production of drugs, scientists can more easily study the effects of that chemical on the human body. Through controlled studies, it is possible to determine how a chemical will affect a large percentage of the population. Because a synthetic drug has only one main action on the body, there are no balancing actions provided. Dosage becomes very important and chances for side effects are high. For more information on feedback loops, read Medical Aromatherapy by Kurt Schnaubelt.

Essential oils contain hundreds or thousands of chemicals acting at once. This opens the potential of forming feedback loops with the body. For example, when a sedative oil is applied, components are available that are relaxing or sedating. At the same time, there are trace amounts of stimulating components as well. This means the body can use the sedative components of the oil, and when it begins to move out of balance with that property, the stimulating components can be used to create balance again. A feedback loop is created within the nervous system and the body may use what it needs when it needs it. This is part of the reason behind the fact that different people experience the same oil in a different way. For example-many people feel that geranium is a tissue regenerating oil, whereas others may believe it is a stimulating oil, and still others classify it as a relaxing oil. They are all “right”! Each person is responding to a different part of the chemical constituency, based on their body's individual needs.

Low toxicity: Because of the synergy of many different chemicals, often in trace amounts, essential oils can have a potent effect on the body in very low dosages. This means that there is a low potential for side effects compared to synthetic drug treatment. When essential oils are used topically and at proper dilution rates, undesirable effects are practically non-existent. Negative reactions are most often caused by deliberate abuse, such as trying to use essential oils to induce abortion, or by gross overdosing of essential oils.

CHEMISTRY AND TOXICOLOGY

Possible undesirable effects of the constituents within essential oils can include:
- Liver or kidney toxicity
- Seizures, neurotoxic effect
- Allergic reaction, sensitization
- Phototoxic effect
- Abortifacient effect
- Carcinogenic effect
- Skin irritation
The major chemical families of potentially toxic essential oil constituents are the following:

KETONES:
- Beneficial properties: Dissolve mucus, dissolve fats, stimulate tissue growth and regeneration, healing to skin and tissues.
- Possible toxic effects: Neurotoxicity, seizures, abortive, liver damage.
- Safe use: Use with caution, always dilute, blend with other oils, use over a short time period. Avoid use during pregnancy and lactation, with small children, with epilepsy or seizures, with liver disease. Avoid using oils with very high amounts of ketones.
- Very high-Avoid use: Rue Santolina Mugwort Boldo
- High-Use with caution, high dilution rate, low doses, short duration: Thuja Wormwood Hyssop Pennyroyal Crested lavender Horseradish
- Moderate-Use with awareness, blend with other oils, dilute: Spike lavender White camphor Sage Wintergreen
- Low-Minimal danger of toxicity: Yarrow Rosemary camphor chemotype Peppermint Eucalyptus dives and E. polybractea Atlas cedarwood
- Very low-Contain ketones, considered non-toxic: Everlasting Eucalyptus globulus Rosemary cineole and verbenon chemotypes Vetiver
PHENOLS:
- Beneficial properties: Strong antibacterial and antiseptic, counter irritant, highly oxygenating, stimulating, anti-oxidant properties
- Possible toxic effects: Skin irritation, liver toxicity, shortness of breath, itching or burning
- Safe use: Blend with other oils for topical application, always dilute, use internally short term usage (2-4 days) at moderate dosage, or use homeopathic dosage. Avoid use with asthmatics, skin sensitive individuals, during pregnancy, lactation, and with small children. Avoid undiluted topical use.
- These oils contain significant phenol constituents: Anise Ajowan Allspice Basil Bay leaf Clove Cassia Oregano Sassafrass Savory Tarragon Thyme
SESQUITERPENES AND MONOTERPENES:
- Beneficial properties: Anti-inflammative, pain killers, discharge toxins from glands and organs, oxygenate pineal and pituitary glands, antiviral, antibacterial, inhibit accumulation of toxicity in tissues, antidepressant, stimulating.
- Possible toxic effects: Skin irritation, sensitization, rash or burning, photo sensitivity.
- Safe use: Always dilute, use in low doses. Do not use within 24 hours before sun exposure or UV light exposure. Avoid use with highly sensitive or allergic individuals, small children.
- These oils contain significant amounts of terpene constituents: Clove Cinnamon Cassia Juniper Pine Fir All citrus oils
COUMARIN OR FUROCOUMARIN:
- Beneficial properties: Synergistic-enhance the properties of other oils, circulatory stimulant, vein tonic, antispasmodic, sedative, bactericidal, fresh and stimulating aroma.
- Possible toxic effects: Increases the body’s sensitivity; rashes, burning sensation, increased sunburn sensitivity (phototoxic).
- Safe use: Avoid sunlight or UV light exposure within 24 hours of use.
- These oils contain significant amounts of coumarin or furocoumarin constituents: Angelica Bergamot Celery Cumin Grapefruit Khella Lavender Lemon Lemon verbena Mandarin Orange Parsley Tagetes Tangerine Tarragon All citrus All absolutes
TOXIC OILS-General usage
- Avoid using these oils, or wait until you have over 1,000 hours of aromatherapy experience. They are considerably toxic, and other oils can do the job more safely: Bitter almond Boldo Buchu Camphor Calamus Elecampane Goosefoot Horseradish Jaborandi Mugwort Mustard Rue Santolina Sassafrass Tonka bean Thuja Turpentine Wormwood
TOXIC OILS-Oral usage
- Avoid using these oils orally. They are mildly to extremely toxic. When in doubt about the safety of an oil, use homeopathic doses for internal use. All oils listed above, plus: Arnica Ajowan Birch Cade Hyssop Tagetes Tansy Wintergreen
SAFEST OILS:
- These oils are generally regarded as safe. They are the most benign oils, safest for use during pregnancy and for sensitive individuals: Bergamot Chamomile Champaca Frankincense Geranium Lavender Lemon Mandarin Marjoram May chang Myrrh Neroli Nerolina Orange Palmarosa Patchouli Rosemary-verbenon ct. Rosalina Rose Tea tree Ylang ylang Jasmine abs.
- Special considerations for pregnancy-even though an oil may be on the safe list, pregnant women can become very sensitive to aromas, and may have a reaction to the aroma of an oil. Always dilute to 1-2% for use during pregnancy. Fennel, dill and anise increase milk production during lactation, parsley and sage reduce milk production.
BABIES AND SMALL CHILDREN:
- Unless diluted to a homeopathic dosage, avoid use of peppermint; it is too cooling for small children and can shock their systems. Avoid all toxic oils and oils that would not be used for sensitive individuals. Dilute to 1% or weaker. These oils are considered safe for babies and small children when used at low doses: Bergamot Chamomile Frankincense Geranium Lavender Lemon Mandarin May chang Myrrh Orange Palmarosa Rosalina Rose Tea tree Ylang ylang
SPECIFIC CONTRAINDICATIONS

Specific Symptom: Avoid these oils

Allergies: Goldenrod

Asthma: Yarrow     Oregano Rosemary Cassia

Breast cancer*: Anise Cypress* Sage* Clary sage      Coriander*

Cancer: Calamus    Basil    Sassafrass Tarragon

Epilepsy or seizures: (All high to moderate ketone content) Hyssop    Sage           Nutmeg     Fennel     Anise

Glaucoma:   Thyme      Hyssop    Cypress     Tarragon

Taking coumadin or other blood-thinning drugs:   Lavender    Khella    Spike lavender    Bay laurel

High blood pressure:    Lemon    Hyssop    Rosemary

Hypo-thyroid condition:    Fennel

Pregnancy:    All oils with very high to moderate ketone content

Lactation:    Cypress Peppermint    Sage (suppress milk production)

Skin allergies:    All oils high in phenols, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes

Sun exposure, tanning:    All oils with coumarin, all absolutes, all citrus oils

Tumors*:    Fennel*    Anise*    Caraway*

Urinary infection:    Juniper leaf (Use juniper berry, grapefruit or tea tree instead)

Young children under age 5:    Eucalyptus    Peppermint    All high to moderate ketone or phenol content

*Tumors and breast cancer advisory is offered for you to help make an informed choice. These oils contain plant estrogen-like substances that many feel may contribute to an already high estrogen condition. An alternative group feels that these plant hormones are exactly what the body needs, providing a signal to the body to stop producing estrogen.
Getting To Know Essential Oils

Essential oils contain many healing properties, which are listed on the following pages. But that’s not all. Through interacting with the essential oils, one can open a gateway into another world. You might think of this world as the spirit world. You might think of it as the underlying consciousness and intelligence of the universe. You might think of it as the field of pure energy that exists through all dimensions of time and space. You might have another way of thinking about it altogether.

Any form that is helpful to you for making the connection is fine. The important thing is to use it, to make the connection to the inner reality. This connection is the key to self empowerment. It is the key to healing ourselves and the earth. It is the key to personal evolution; the key to co-creation. It will lead us to our very purpose for being here.

How can essential oils help us to make that connection? Allow me to show you how it has worked for me. I will share several forms and encourage you to use them. After you have begun to experience the feeling of connection, you may get ideas about how to do the same thing in a different way. Please follow these ideas-experiment and play with the possibilities. I am sure they are endless.

OUR FIRST MEETING

Whenever I acquire a new oil, I make the intention not to be influenced by what I have read about the oil. I want to experience the oil as if I have never heard of it before, with complete “beginner’s mind” . I put a drop of oil on a Q-tip or a strip of paper. Then I slowly and deeply smell the oil. I fill out the aromatic profile (see above), making notes as information comes to me.

First, I begin by identifying the top note aromas that I am smelling, and writing them down (such as floral, smoky, herbaceous, etc.).

I notice as my attention is drawn to certain areas of my body for physical responses to the oil. Do I suddenly feel warm? Do I begin to salivate? Do I feel like moving? Do I want to lie down? Any physical sensations or responses are then written on the profile.

I check for emotional or energetic responses. If I remember a sad event, I will make a note of it. If I feel lots of energy in a certain chakra or area in my energy field, see or think of a color or season, or have any impressions at all, I record it all on the profile.

Sometimes I will move the oil droplet on the Q-tip through my energy field at each chakra point to get an impression of how it feels in my field. It may feel tingly, prickly, smooth, expansive, warm, or softening. I continue to write down all my impressions until I feel complete.

After a few minutes, I will return to the oil and smell it again. I notice the differences in the first and second impressions, recording the aromatic notes that arise known as heart notes.

Later, I will return to record the base notes (the aromatic notes that are left after an hour may be very different than the first ones that you smelled as it came out of the bottle), and any final impressions that may come to me.

Now I have information that I received directly from the oil. It is always fun to read about an oil afterward and see how similar (or different) my impressions are to the collective information that is available on the oil. When I am using the oil with a client or for myself, my direct information will provide a level of connection that is not available through a book.
Glossary of Terms

Analgesic: Relieves pain

Anaphrodisiac: Reduces sexual feelings and desire

Anesthetic: Relieves local pain by reducing nerve sensation

Antibacterial: Inhibits growth of bacteria

Antidepressant: Reduces and prevents depression

Antiemetic: Relieves nausea and vomiting

Antifungal: Inhibits the growth of fungal infections

Anti-inflammatory: Reduces inflammation

Antilithic: Dissolves and prevents formation of stones

Antineuralgic: Alleviates nerve pain

Antiparasitic: Kills or inhibits growth of parasites

Antipruritic: Relieves itching

Antisclerotic: Removes circulatory deposits and plaque build-up

Antiseptic: Kills bacteria

Antispasmodic: Relieves and prevents cramps, spasms, convulsions

Antisudorific: Stops perspiration

Antitoxic: Counteracts poisons

Antitussive: Relieves coughing

Antiviral: Inhibits viral infection

Aperitive: Stimulates apetite

Aphrodisiac: Enhances sexual sensation and desire

Astringent: Contracts tissue, reduces secretions

Balsamic: Softens mucus

Bronchodilator: Dilates bronchial tubes, reduces spasm

Cardiotonic: Tones the heart muscle

Carminative: Relieves flatulence

Choleretic: Stimulates production of bile

Cicatrizant: Enhances formation of scar tissue, cellular healing

Decongestant: Reduces congestion

Digestive: Promotes and aids digestion

Disinfectant: Kills micro-organisms

Diuretic: Increases elimination of water from tissues through increased urine production

Estrogenic: Produces an estrogen-like action

Emollient: Softens and heals skin

Emmenogogue: Regulates menstruation

Expectorant: Increases discharge and elimination of mucus from sinuses, lungs, bronchial tubes

Febrifuge: Reduces fevers

Hemostatic: Stops bleeding

Hepatic: Liver tonic or stimulant

Hypnotic: Induces sleep (or altered consciousness state)

Insecticide: Kills or repels insects

Laxative: Promotes bowel movement

Nervine: Soothing and calming to the nervous system

Regenerator: Promotes regrowth and repair of tissues

Rejuvenator: Increases youthful vitality

Relaxant: Produces relaxation, reduces tension

Resolvent: Reduces swelling

Sedative: Promotes drowsiness, calms anxiety and tension

Stimulant: Increases an activity

Stomachic: Strengthens and tones the stomach

Sudorific: Increases persiration

Tonic: Strengthens the entire body/energy field, or that of a specific organ

Tranquillizer: Calming without producing drowsiness

Vermifuge: Expels intestinal worms

Vulnerary: Applied externally to wounds-heals tissue
Properties List

Analgesic: Angelica, Anise, Birch, Clove, Everlasting, Basil, Chamomile, Clary sage, Eucalyptus, Lavender, Cassia, Spruce, Rosemary, Rosalina, Cabreuva, Peppermint, Thyme, Galbanum, Lemongrass, Manuka, Lab. tea

Anaphrodisiac: Hops, Marjoram, Myrrh

Anesthetic: Cassia, Cinnamon, Clove, Peppermint

Antibacterial: Angelica, Anise, Basil, Birch, Cassia, Cinnamon, Chamomile, Clary sage, Clove, Cypress, Eucalyptus, Foraha, Geranium, Havozo, Juniper, Lavender, Lantana, Lemon, Lemon myrtle, Manuka, Marjoram, Marigold, Neroli, Niaouli, Orange, Oregano, Peppermint, Rose Rock, Rose, Rosalina, Rosemary, Sage, Spikenard, Tea tree, Thyme

Antidepressant: Cardamon, Cassia, Clary sage, Clove, Everlasting, Havozo, Lantana, Lemon myrtle, Manuka, Niaouli, Neroli, Orange, Rose, Sage, Spruce, Thyme, Ylang ylang

Antiemetic: Basil, Cardamon, Chamomile, Fennel, Ginger, Lavender, Peppermint, Rose

Antifungal: Anise, Basil, Cassia, Chamomile, Clove, Eucalyptus, Foraha, Geranium, Lavender, Lemon, Lemongrass, Manuka, Marigold, Neroli, Niaouli, Rosalina, Sage, Spruce, Thyme, Ylang ylang

Anti-inflammatory: Amyris, Anise, Angelica, Basil, Birch, Cabreuva, Chamomile, Clary sage, Cypress, Eucalyptus, Everlasting, Galbanum, Khella, Lab. tea, Lavender, Lemon myrtle, Lemongrass, Manuka, Marigold, Marjoram, Neroli, Orange, Oregano, Peppermint, Rosalina, Rose Rock, Rose, Rosemary, Sage, Spruce, Spikenard, Thyme, Yarrow

Antilithic: Carrot, Lemon, Hops, Geranium, Juniper, Eucalyptus

Antineuralgic: Birch, Coriander, Chamomile, Clove, Everlasting, Geranium, Lavender, Marjoram, Mastic, Nutmeg, Oregano, Peppermint, Rose, Rosemary, Sage, Thuja, Thyme, Wintergreen, Yarrow

Antiparasitic: Anise, Bergamot, Cassia, Clove, Eucalyptus, Fennel, Grapefruit, Spruce, Tarragon

Antipruritic: Carrot, Eng. chamomile, Lavender, Rose, Spike lavender

Antisclerotic: Bay laurel, Cedar, Devil’s club, Lemon, Niaouli, Rose, Rosewood, Rosemary, Sage, Tea tree

Antiseptic: Amyris, Angelica, Anise, Basil, Cassia, Cedar, Clove, Cypress, Eucalyptus, Fennel, Geranium, Germ. chamomile, Havozo, Juniper, Lavender, Lemon, Lemon myrtle, Lemongrass, Manuka, Marigold, Marjoram, Neroli, Niaouli, Orange, Oregano, Peppermint, Rock rose, Sage, Spikenard, Spruce, Thyme, Tea tree,

Antispasmodic: Angelica, Anise, Basil, Cardamom, Cedar, Chamomile, Clary sage, Clove, Eucalyptus, Fennel, Frankincense, Galbanum, Havozo, Khella, Lab. tea, Lantana, Lavender, Lemon, Lemongrass, Marjoram, Orange, Rosemary

Antisudorific: Clary sage, Cypress, Lemongrass, Sage

Antitoxic: Basil, Chamomile, Devil’s club, Everlasting, Fennel, Juniper, Lab. tea, Lemon, Orange, Oregano, Rosalina, Rosemary, Spruce, Thyme, Yarrow

Antitussive: Anise, Basil, Cardamon, Everlasting, Frankincense, Peppermint, Ravensare, Rock rose, Sage, Spruce, Thyme

Antiviral: Angelica, Anise, Basil, Cassia, Clove, Cypress, Eng. chamomile, Eucalyptus, Everlasting, Havozo, Hyssop, Lab. tea, Lantana, Lavender, Lime, Manuka, Marjoram, Melissa, Niaouli, Orange, Oregano, Peppermint, Ravensare, Rock rose, Rosalina, Rosemary, Sage, Savory, Tea tree, Thyme, Melissa, Monarda,

Aperitive: Anise, Black pepper, Cinnamon, Coriander, Ginger, Lime, Sage, Tarragon

Aphrodisiac: Ambrette, Cassia, Cinnamon, Clove, Cumin, Galbanum, Manuka, Neroli, Vanilla, Ylang ylang

Astringent: Birch, Cedar, Cypress, Foraha, Galbanum, Grapefruit, Juniper, Lemongrass, Rock rose, Spikenard, Spruce

Balsamic: Cabreuva, Cypress, Eucalyptus, Galbanum, Myrrh, Pine, Rock rose, Spruce

Bronchodilator: Cypress, Lemon myrtle, Manuka, May chang, Rosalina, Thyme

Cardiotonic: Amyris, Basil, Black pepper, Carrot, Cinnamon, Coriander, Everlasting, Havozo, Juniper, Khella, Lavender, Mastic, Neroli, Nutmeg, Oregano, Peppermint, Rosemary, Spike lavender, Ylang ylang

Carminative: Ambrette, Anise, Angelica, Bergamot, Cinnamon, Clary sage, Clove, Coriander, Fennel, Frankincense, Ginger, Havozo, Marjoram, Myrrh, Neroli, Oregano, Peppermint, Rosemary, Thyme, Yarrow

Choleretic: Anise, Fennel, Havozo, Lavender, Lemon, Oregano, Orange, Peppermint, Pine, Rosemary

Cicatrizant: Amyris, Cabreuva, Carrot, Cedar, Everlasting, Eucalyptus, Foraha, Frankincense, Germ. chamomile, Lavender, Lantana, Lemon, Marigold, Myrrh, Oregano, Rock rose, Rosalina, Rose, Rosemary, Styrax, Tea tree, Yarrow

Decongestant: Basil, Cardamon, Cedar, Combava, Cypress, Eucalyptus, Lemon, Lemon myrtle, Marjoram, Mastic, Niaouli, Oregano, Pine, Rosalina, Rosemary, Spruce, Tea tree, Yarrow

Deodorant: Bergamot, Clary, sage, Cypress, Fir, Lemongrass, Manuka, Myrrh, Patchouli, Rosewood, Styrax, Tea tree, Leleshwa

Digestive: Anise, Angelica, Basil, Bergamot, Cardamon, Cassia, Clary sage, Clove, Eng. chamomile, Fennel, Frankincense, Galbanum, Ginger, Lab. tea, Lemon, Lemon myrtle, Peppermint, Rose, Rosemary, Thyme

Disinfectant: Basil, Birch, Cassia, Chamomile, Cypress, Eucalyptus, Everlasting, Fennel, Geranium, Grapefruit, Havozo, Niaouli, Oregano, Rosemary, Tea tree, Thyme

Diuretic: Ambrette, Anise, Angelica, Birch, Cardamon, Cedar, Eng. chamomile, Fennel, Grapefruit, Juniper, Khella, Lemongrass, Lemon, Lime, Orange, Rock rose, Spruce, Tarragon

Emmenogogue: Angelica, Anise, Carrot, Cassia, Clary sage, Cypress, Frankincense, Germ chamomile, Khella, Lantana, Myrrh, Neroli, Oregano, Rock rose, Rose, Rosemary, Sage, Spikenard, Tansy, Tarragon, Vitex, Ylang ylang

Emollient: Cedar, Everlasting, Foraha, Galbanum, Germ. chamomile, Geranium, Lavender, Manuka, Marigold, Myrrh, Neroli, Orange, Peppermint, Rosalina, Rose, Yarrow

Estrogenic: Angelica, Anise, Basil, Cardamon, Clary sage, Fennel, Havozo, Khella, Lemongrass, Sage, Vitex berry

Expectorant: Angelica, Anise, Cedar, Basil, Birch, Cabreuva, Clove, Cypress, Eucalyptus, Fennel, Frankincense, Havozo, Hyssop, Inula graveoens, Khella, Lab. tea, Lantana, Lemon, myrtle, Manuka, Marjoram, Niaouli, Oregano, Rock rose, Rosalina, Rose, Spruce, Tansy, Yarrow

Febrifuge: Angelica, Basil, Cardamon, Germ. chamomile, Lemon eucalyptus, Lab. tea, Lantana, Lemongrass, Niaouli, Peppermint, Ylang ylang

Hemostatic: Cinnamon, Eucalyptus globulus, Everlasting, Geranium, Lemon, Marigold, Melissa, Rock rose, Yarrow

Hepatic: Angelica, Basil, Carrot, Chamomile, Cypress, Geranium, Khella, Lab. tea, Lantana, Lemon, Peppermint, Rose, Rosemary, Thyme

Hypnotic: Eng. chamomile, Fennel, Lavender, Lemon myrtle, Mandarin, Melissa, Neroli, Orange, Spikenard, Spruce, Valerian

Insecticide: Bay laurel, Birch, Cassia, Cedar, Cinnamon, Clove, Eucalyptus, Lemon myrtle, Niaouli, Patchouli, Sage

Laxative: Anise, Basil, Bergamot, Black pepper, Carrot, Clary sage, Ginger, Marjoram, Lemon, Nutmeg, Orange, Oregano, Rosemary, Spikenard, Tarragon, Yarrow

Nervine: Ambrette, Eng. chamomile, Eucalyptus, Hyssop, Melissa, Neroli, Orange, Patchouli, Peppermint, Tansy

Regenerator: Birch, Carrot, Chamomile, Clary sage, Eucalyptus, Foraha, Geranium, Everlasting, Neroli, Orange, Spikenard

Rejuvenator: Clove, Basil, Cypress, Fennel, Galbanum, Juniper, Lemongrass, Lemon, Neroli, Peppermint, Rosemary

Relaxant: Amyris, Clary sage, Chamomile, Everlasting, Frankincense, Geranium, Khella, Lavender, Neroli, Orange, Rosewood, Rosemary, Sage, Styrax, Spikenard, Vetiver, Ylang ylang

Resolvent: Bergamot, Carrot, Chamomile, Grapefruit, Hyssop, Juniper, Lavender, Lemon, Mastic, Oregano, Peppermint, Rosemary, Tea tree, Thyme

Sedative: Amyris, Chamomile, Lab. tea, Lavender, Lemon verbena, Mandarin, Patchouli, Spikenard, Valerian, Ylang ylang

Stimulant: Basil, Cassia, Cedar, Clary sage, Cypress, Eng. chamomile, Eucalyptus, Geranium, Lavender, Lemongrass, Lemon myrtle, Orange, Oregano, Patchouli, Peppermint, Rosemary, Sage

Stomachic: Ambrette, Cardamon, Clary sage, Lab. tea, Lemon, Marjoram, Myrrh, Peppermint, Rosemary, Thyme

Sudorific: Cinnamon, Ginger, Hyssop, Oregano, Peppermint, Thyme, Yarrow, Cypress

Tonic: Bergamot, Basil, Cardamon, Carrot, Cypress, Devil’s club, Frankincense, Germ. chamomile, Geranium, Havozo, Lemongrass, Myrrh, Neroli, Peppermint, Rosemary, Spruce, Thyme, Vetiver

Tranquilizer: Geranium, Neroli, Marjoram, Patchouli, Spike lavender, Valerian, Vetiver, Ylang ylang

Vermifuge: Bergamot, Cardamon, Clove, Fennel, Lemon eucalyptus, Myrrh, Oregano, Peppermint, Pine, Thyme

Vulnerary: Cabreuva, Eucalyptus, Geranium, Germ. chamomile, Everlasting, Lantana, Lavender, Manuka, Marigold, Myrrh, Rock rose, Rosalina, Rose, Yarrow
Usage Guidelines
USING ESSENTIAL OILS LISTED IN THIS GUIDE

Suggestions for oral and internal uses of essential oils are based on my experience as a practicing aromatherapist as well as that of my family, friends, and clients. They are provided in order to offer choices and information for all types of therapeutic essential oil usage.

Internal use of essential oils is a choice that each individual must make for himself or herself. The oils listed for each condition are those that I (or someone I know) have used to remedy that condition, or those which are commonly recommended for the condition by other essential oil experts.

Some conditions are beyond the scope of treatment offered through using essential oils alone. In these cases, essential oil therapy provides a strong compliment to other forms of treatment. Please use common sense and see a health care provider when necessary. Recipes for DiamondHeart blends (marked as DH) are described on page 52.

Dilution rates and proper dosage, as well as essential oil quality and purity, are very important for therapeutic use. If you are not getting good results, chances are you are using low quality oils or too strong of a dilution. With essential oils, please remember that “more” is not “better”. Many people tend to think that they need a larger amount of essential oil than they actually do. The best results will come from using well-diluted essential oils for most conditions. Each drop of oil is equivalent to 30 to 75 cups of herbal tea. Many are effective even at a 1,000 to one dilution!

INTERNAL APPLICATIONS

Oral usage, short term: This application is best used for the following conditions:
- Immune system support-for prevention when exposed to disease
- Infections-respiratory, urinary, digestive, viral, fungal, bacterial
- Indigestion-for immediate one dose treatment
- Short, intense cleansing and detoxification programs, particularly heavy metals and radiation
- Shock prevention from trauma or injury
Dosage: Use 4% dilution in a vegetable oil carrier for gelatin capsules OR 1 to 3 drops essential oil in each capsule. Take 2 to 4 capsules daily for 4 to 7 days.

Possible effects: Always check toxicology information on oils-some are toxic when taken internally. Generally, do not use essential oils over long periods of time at these dosages. (There are some exceptions.)

Oral usage, homeopathic dosage: This application is best used for the following conditions:
- Gradual immune system support
- Gradual strengthening or rebuilding of the whole body
- Thyroid and endocrine balance
- Hormone balance or menopausal symptoms
- Long term cleansing programs
- Emotional, spiritual and energetic balance
Semi-homeopathic dosage, strong level: Blend 1 drop essential oil with 1 oz. distilled or purified water. Formula must be shaken with every dose, as oil and water will separate. Take 1 drop up to 1/2 teaspoonful 2-3 times daily.

Homeopathic dosage: For a stronger energetic action and less physical effect, take 10 drops of semi-homeopathic level dosage above, add it to 1 oz. of water and shake well. Take 10 drops 2-3 times daily. At this dilution level, toxic effects of the oils have been eliminated. They may be used indefinitely without concern of harmful effects. Even oils that normally should not be used internally may usually be used at these dilutions.
Alternative: Add 1 drop essential oil to 16 oz. water. Take 1 tablespoonful 2-3 times daily.

Suppositories, vaginal: This application is best used for the following conditions:
- Vaginal infection, candida, etc.
- Fibroid tumors, uterine and ovarian conditions
- Menopausal symptoms
- Hormone imbalances, painful menstruation, PMS and related conditions
Suppositories, rectal: This application is best used for the following conditions:
- Prostate infection or congestion
- Cystitis, kidney or bladder infection
- Colon or rectum infection or inflammation, other digestive disturbances
- Candida infection
- Detoxification and cleansing programs
- Immune system boost or convalescence
Dosage for suppositories: Fill a gelatin capsule with 4% dilution of essential oil in vegetable oil carrier OR add 1-3 drops essential oil to a gelatin capsule with vegetable oil. Insert suppository before going to bed at night. Use for 4 to 10 days as necessary. If you intend to use the oils for longer time periods, check the toxicology information and take a 3-4 day break between treatments. Another alternative for vaginal suppositories is to place several drops of essential oil on a tampon and insert it overnight.

Possible effects: Some very sensitive individuals will experience an internal burning sensation from stronger oils such as thyme, oregano, etc. These oils can be very effective against certain kinds of infection. My advice is to try the less irritating oils at first; lavender, tea tree, naiouli, rosalina, etc. If stronger oils are needed, the individual must decide if they wish to use them knowing that there may be some discomfort when first applied.

EXTERNAL APPLICATIONS

Topical application: Use oils alone or with massage for the following conditions:
- Stress reduction/relaxation
- Adhesions, myofascial conditions
- Athletic injuries
- Circulatory conditions
- Lymphatic drainage
Apply a compress for the following conditions:
- Bruises, swellings, strains, sprains, injuries
- Inflammation or imbalance in organ such as liver, kidneys, colon, etc.
- Varicose veins
- Deep muscular or bone pain, or neuralgia
- Headache or migraine
- Skin conditions
Apply diluted oils to the local area. Cover with a wet cloth and hot water bottle. Cover again with a dry towel and allow the compress to sit for 10 or 20 minutes. (If injury is very recent or has lots of swelling, it is better to use an ice pack in place of heat. For migraines, use cold water.)

Apply a spinal compress for the following conditions:
- Immune disorders
- Viral and bacterial infections
- Degenerative disease
- Nervous system and energy field imbalances
- Structural/spinal disorders
- Hormone imbalances
- Convalescence-systems support
- Fever reduction
- Back pain and other pain conditions
- Detoxification
- Stress reduction, relaxation treatment
Drop the diluted oils onto the spine. Lightly spread oils over the whole spine and large muscles of the back. Cover with a warm, wet cloth and hot water bottles or other heat source. Cover again with a dry towel and allow the compress to sit for 10 to 20 minutes. Person receiving the treatment should lie comfortably while oils are working. Remove the compress as it begins to feel cool.

Inhalation Therapy: This application is used for the following conditions:
- Respiratory conditions and infections
- Prevention and immune system stimulation
- Emotional, energetic, and spiritual clearing and balancing
- Sore throat, snoring, sinus infections, headaches, appetite suppression
When using an aromatherapy diffuser, use only pure undiluted oils (Some exceptions apply with very thick oils such as amyris or myrrh which must be diluted with grain alcohol). Inhale oils for 5 minutes three or more times daily.

Alternatively, place a few drops of oil on a cotton ball, hold it up to nostrils and inhale deeply. Store in a Ziploc baggie and potency will remain high for hours to several days. (Or use inhaler blanks).

Sore throats can be treated with a spray of 8 drops cypress or clove blended with 4-6 drops orange, a small amount of raw cane sugar or stevia extract, and 1 oz. water. Spray into the throat and inhale every few minutes until pain goes away.
Essential Oils A-C
- BAY LAUREL (Laurus nobilis)
  Also called sweet bay or true bay
  
  Distilled from the leaves of the tree, in Morrocco, Yugoslavia, Egypt, Mediterranean countries.
  
  SAFETY INFORMATION: Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, and with small children. Chemical class: oxide ester alcohol.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Used medicinally during early Greek and Roman cultures. Used in Europe during the middle ages to protect against plague and freshen the air in homes.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral, suppository; topical; inhalation
  - A powerful antispasmodic, helpful for aches, pains, muscular injury and contracture, arthritis, bone deformation and decalcification (Analgesic, antirheumatic, antispasmodic)
  - One of the best lymphatic decongestants, eases infected or swollen glands, lymph stagnation
  - Lowers blood pressure and thins the blood, helps angina, arteriosclerosis
  - Supportive treatment for Hodgekin’s disease
  - Regenerative to lungs, treatment for respiratory infection, asthma (Expectorant, antiseptic)
  - Immune stimulant, treats flu, colds, tonsilitis, viral infections, effective against a broad range of bacteria including staph, strep, entero, gono, pneumo, and E. coli bacterias (Anti-infectious, antibacterial, antiviral)
  - Speeds delivery in childbirth, induces menstruation
  - Helps kidney infections, tonic to reproductive and urinary systems (Emmenogogue)
  - Liver and digestive tonic, treats heartburn, viral hepatitis, colitis, intestinal infections (Digestive, carminative, cholegogue)
  - Stimulates hair growth and scalp circulation, clears acne, pimples and boils, treats dandruff, lice and scabies, gangrene (Astringent)
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, cardio-vascular, lymphatic, respiratory, reproductive, muscular-skeletal, genito-urinary, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Top or heart note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Gives confidence, courage and pride
  - Brings fire of passion for life, warms the emotions
  - Improves memory and mental flexibility
  - Moves stagnant energy out toward surface of body/energy field
  - Chakras: Root, solar plexus, throat (Navel, heart)
- CARDAMOM (Elettaria cardamomum)
  Also called Cardamon
  
  Steam distilled in India, South America from seeds of the plant.
  
  SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Chemical class: ester oxide.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Used in Ayurvedic, Roman, and Chinese medicine.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral, suppository; topical; inhalation
  - Eases coughs and congestion, warms chills, lowers fever
  - Eases nausea in pregnancy, PMS symptoms and menopause symptoms,
  - Treats anorexia, colic, flatulence, halitosis, indigestion, vomiting, acid reflux, nervous dyspepsia, diarrhea, intestinal parasites (Tonic, antispasmodic, stomachic)
  - Treats urinary problems, reduces body fat
  - Systems: Integumentary, respiratory, muscular-skeletal, endocrine, genito-urinary, nervous, digestive
  PERFUME NOTE: Top or heart note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Uplifting, refreshing, eases mental fatigue
  - Improves physical strength and libido
  - Helps maintain happiness, eases mood swings
  - Opens and balances heart meridian, energy flow from heart through hands
  - Used in ancient Egyptian recipes for Kyphi, a temple incense
  - Chakra: Root, navel, throat, pineal
- CARROT (Daucus carota maximus)
  Different oils are produced by steam distillation from the root and seed. Carrot seed oil is the oil most often used for therapeutic effects. Produced in England, France, Germany, Egypt.
  
  SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, or with small children. Phototoxic-avoid exposure to sunlight or UV light source within 24 hours of application.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Established usage in Chinese, European, and Native American herbal medicine.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral, suppository; topical; inhalation
  - Flushes congestion from liver, regenerates liver and adrenal cells (Depurative, antilithic, hepatic)
  - Relieves itching, strong skin regenerator (Antipruritic, regenerative)
  - Tonic, blood and organ cleanser, dissolves stones (Emenogogue, galactogogue, hepatic, laxative)
  - Scar treatment, dermatitis, acne rosacea, abcesses, irritated skin, psoriasis, tumors, carcinomas
  - Aids in reducing high cholesterol levels, increases red blood cells
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, respiratory, digestive, endocrine, genito-urinary, reproductive, nervous, cardio-vascular
  PERFUME NOTE:
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Improves inner vision
  - Anxiety, stress, and exhaustion relief
  - Aids in removal of psychic blocks and mental limitations
  - Chakra:
- CHAMPACA (Magnolia michelia alba, M. champaca)
  Plant is also called champa, frangipani
  
  Steam distilled from the flowers in India and Madagascar-another essential oil is produced from the leaves.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Used in India as a temple flower, champaca was also used medicinally in India.
  
  SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. No known contraindications.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal; topical; inhalation
  - Skin emollient, healing and moisturizing to skin-good for wrinkles, irritated skin
  - Astringent-helps contract and tone tissue, balances oil production
  - Emotional and spiritual tonic-useful for relaxing the emotions connected with dis-ease, infection, injury
  - Reduces fever (Febrifuge)
  - Heart tonic, regulates heartbeat
  - Helps reduce congestion and open breathing passages, eases breathing (Expectorant, tonic)
  - Helps PMS, balances male and female hormones, menstrual cycle, eases menopause symtoms-especially hot flashes
  - Systems: Integumentary, cardio-vascular, reproductive, respiratory, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Top or heart note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Used in Hindu temples and ceremonies, expresses reverence for the god, Vishnu
  - Warming to the emotions, mood uplifting, euphoric
  - Aphrodisiac
  - Balances heart meridian, opens energy flows through heart and pericardium
  - Enhances courage, confidence and heart knowing
  - Opening to personal wisdom
  - Strengthens personal energy to enable dropping unnecessary protection
  - Chakra: Root, navel, heart
- AFRICAN SHEA BUTTER
  Produced from the nuts of the karite tree
  
  Not an essential oil, golden shea butter is a fatty/waxy total extraction made by boiling and roasting the nuts, then pounding them for hours. The best butter is hand made-ours comes from a small village in Ghana. Most shea butter is made in Europe from imported nuts by hexane extraction, then bleached and deodorized, which yields a whiter and less therapeutic product.
  
  SAFETY: Safe for all applications. Safe for sensitive individuals, babies and pregnant mothers. Consumed as a food by some tribes in Africa.
  
  USAGE: Long history of use in African folk medicine.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - High in vitamins, especially vitamins E and A
  - Skin healing properties, treats scars, eczema, psoriasis, rashes
  - Used to relieve the pain of burns
  - The finest preparation for childbirth, shea butter will prevent the formation of stretch marks when used through gestation
  - Does provide protection, good for exposure to elements, chemicals, water, etc.
  - Provides natural UV sun light protection (natural sunblock)
- AFRICAN WORMWOOD (Artemisia afra)
  Also called lanyana, armoise, and wide-als
  
  Steam distilled in South Africa and France from stems and leaves.
  
  SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, and with small children. Contains high level of ketones. Must not be taken internally except in homeopathic dosage. Careless over-use could cause convulsions, vomiting, liver damage.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Used in herbal medicines of South Africa and Tanzania.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral (homeopathic dosage only); topical; inhalation
  - Used as a hot bath to speed healing process of measles and chicken pox (Febrifuge, tonic)
  - Hemorrhoid treatment, good for boils, pimples
  - Possible treatment for recovery of malaria (Anti-malarial)
  - Eases respiratory infection, bronchial congestion, bronchial and sinus fungus infections, and excess mucus (Mucolytic, anti-infectious, broad range antimicrobial, antifungal)
  - Eases migraine pain (Narcotic)
  - Used traditionally as a diabetes treatment
  - Weak dilution taken internally relieves stomach cramps, colic, indigestion (Vermifuge, choleretic, digestive stimulant, powerful antioxidant)
  - Helpful during delivery, increases menstrual flow (Abortifacient, emmenogogue)
  - Systems: Immune, respiratory, digestive, integumentary, reproductive, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Top or heart note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
- AMBRETTE (Hibicus abelmoschus, Abelmoschus moschatus)
  Produced in Europe, USA, Ecuador
  
  SAFETY: Appears safe at normal dosage. Phototoxic-avoid exposure to direct sunlight or UV light source for 24 hours after applying to skin. Classified as a sesquiterpinol.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Long established as an essential oil in Chinese, Ayurvedic, ancient Persian, western folk medicine.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral; topical; inhalation
  - Eases muscular pain and fatigue (Antispasmodic, analgesic)
  - Aids digestion (Stomachic)
  - Encourages eliminations of excess water in tissues (Diuretic)
  - Stimulates adrenals
  - Helpful when detoxifying from steroid drug use (Hormone like action, a natural cortisone replacement)
  - Aphrodisiac, nervine
  - Healing and moisturizing to skin
  - Systems: Integumentary, muscular-skeletal, digestive, endocrine, genito-urinary, reproductive, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Heart note
  
  EMOTIONAL/ SPIRITUAL:
  - Oil is used in cosmetics, perfumery, food flavorings, soft drinks
  - Enhances confidence and well-being
  - Reduces anxiety, nervous tension, stress
  - Chakra: Heart and brow (Navel, solar plexus)
  - Energetic properties: Tonifies etheric body-1st level
- AMYRIS-West Indies Sandalwood (Amyris balsamifera)
  Also called West Indian sandalwood, falsely sold as sandalwood, it is the base for most “sandalwood” on the market today. Produced in West Indies, Haiti, Venezuela, Australia, Cuba, from wood chips of the tree.
  
  SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy or with small children. Contact sensitivity may occur with very sensitive individuals. Classified as sesquiterpene.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Used extensively to extend or impersonate true sandalwood oil, which is now an endangered species. Also used by the cosmetic industry as a fixative. Fairly new to aromatic medicine.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Topical; inhalation
  - Reduces muscle fatigue and releases myofascia (Antispasmodic, antiphlogistic)
  - Vapors open breathing passages, deepen breathing (Expectorant)
  - Disinfectant, immune stimulant (Anti-septic)
  - Lymphatic cleanser, circulatory decongestant
  - Heart tonic, hypotensive
  - Aphrodisiac
  - Systems: Respiratory, muscular-skeletal, genito-urinary, nervous, cardio-vascular
  PERFUME NOTE: Base note/fixative
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Improves mental clarity and alertness
  - Calming, sedative, reduces stress and tension
  - Enhances a sense of peace, comfort, security
  - Aids receptivity to new thoughts, ideas, visions
  - Chakra: Root, links root and crown
- ANGELICA ROOT AND SEED (Angelica archangelica)
  Different oils are produced from the root and seed. Steam distilled in England, France, Europe.
  
  SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, or with small children. Phototoxic, avoid exposure to sunlight or UV light source for 24 hours after application. Classified as monoterpene, contains small amount od furocoumarin.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Established usage in Chinese, European, and Native American herbal medicine.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral, suppository; topical; inhalation
  - Improves digestion, relieves gas, soothes intestines (Antispasmodic, carminative, hepatic, digestive)
  - Vapors open sinus and breathing passages, deepen breathing, relieve smoker’s cough (Expectorant)
  - Relieves aches and pains, menstrual discomfort (Analgesic, estrogenic, anti-inflammatory)
  - Disinfectant (Antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiseptic)
  - Reduces fever (Febrifuge)
  - Uterine and nerve stimulant
  - Blood thinner, lymphatic cleanser
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, respiratory, muscular-skeletal, digestive, endocrine, genito-urinary, reproductive, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Base note/fixative
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Improves mental clarity and alertness
  - Enhances memory
  - Aids hypnotherapy
  - Enhances the dream state, helps one to dream or meditate
  - Chakra: Higher chakras, crown, brow (throat)
  - Energetic properties: Strengthens personality connection to hara, strengthens blueprint DNA levels, neutral gender reflects male and female qualities
- ANISE (Pimpinella anisum, anisum officianalis)
  Different oils are produced from the root and seed. Steam distilled in England, France, Europe.
  
  SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy, or with small children. Avoid with breast cancer. Classified as phenol ether. Contains furocoumarin.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Established usage as a medicinal plant or oil in Egyptian, Roman, Greek, European, Aztec, and Native American herbal medicine.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral; topical; inhalation
  - Improves digestion, freshens breath, relieves gas (Antispasmodic, aperitive, digestive)
  - Vapors open breathing and sinus passages, relieve asthma, dyspnea, bronchitis, pulmonary congestion (Expectorant)
  - Induces menstruation, reduces menstrual discomfort (Analgesic, estrogenic, anti-inflammatory)
  - Disinfectant (Antibacterial, antifungal, antiseptic, antiviral)
  - Mild laxative, diuretic
  - Uterine and nerve stimulant, enhances delivery, childbirth
  - Stimulates milk flow during lactation
  - Blood thinner, lymphatic cleanser
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, respiratory, muscular-skeletal, digestive, genito-urinary, reproductive, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Top/heart note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Improves vertigo, migraines
  - Hang-over remedy
  - Promotes happy dreams
  - Wakes up a tired mind
  - Chakra: (Root, navel, solar plexus)
  - Energetic properties: Opens feet, deepens breathing and etheric connection through abdomen and pelvis
- ATLAS CEDAR (Cedrus atlanticus)
  Another cedar oil is produced in India (Cedrus deodara)
  
  Steam distilled in Atlas mountains of Morocco. Other cedar oils are produced in the Himalayas, Canada.
  
  SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, or with small children. Contains small amount of ketones. Classified as sesquiterpene.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Long established as an aromatic oil in ancient Egypt, Africa and the Middle East, Europe.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Topical; inhalation
  - Acne treatment, skin tonic, skin fungus, scalp and hair growth, dandruff treatment (Antiseptic, emollient, astringent)
  - Opens sinuses and breathing passages, relieve chest congestion, chronic bronchitis (Expectorant, antispasmodic)
  - Arteriosclerosis-clears build-up from blood vessels
  - Diuretic, reduces excess fat and water in tissues-cellulite treatment
  - Blood thinner, lymphatic cleanser, stimulates circulation and metabolism
  - Regulates glandular system
  - Urinary infections, vaginitis
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, respiratory, muscular-skeletal, digestive, endocrine, genito-urinary, reproductive, nervous, lymphatic
  PERFUME NOTE: Base note/fixative
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Eases tension, fear, and anger
  - Aids balance and control
  - Reconnection to spiritual awareness
  - Ceremonial use-many cedar are over 1.000 to 2.000 years old. Ancient Egyptians believed in its life extending properties, used it in mumification process, ascension process, and in cosmetics
  - Chakra: Root, brow
- BASIL (Occimum basilicum)
  Different oils are steam distilled from different varieties of the plant-there are over 100. Basil is produced in England, France, Europe, India, Northern Africa. “Holy basil” is produced in India, “Exotic basil” is produced in Comoro.
  
  SAFETY: Very low ketone content. Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, or with very small children. Classified as phenol methyl-ether.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Established usage in Chinese, European, Arabic, ancient Egyptian, and Hindu herbal medicine. Possibly one of the oldest aromatics still in use today.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral at homeopathic dosage only, suppository; topical; inhalation
  - Relieves hiccups, vomiting, gastric spasm (Antispasmodic, digestive, hepatic, galactogogue)
  - Vapors open sinuses and relieve congestion, coughing (Expectorant)
  - Relieves aches and pains, menstrual discomfort (Analgesic, estrogenic, anti-inflammatory)
  - Disinfectant (Antibacterial, antifungal, antiseptic, antiviral)
  - Treats colds, fever, flu, infections (Febrifuge)
  - Helps herpes, eczema, shingles, dry skin
  - Laxative, blood purifier, stimulates adrenal glands
  - Neutralizes toxins from insect bites
  - May be experienced as warming or cooling
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, respiratory, muscular-skeletal, digestive, cardio-vascular, lymphatic, endocrine, genito-urinary, reproductive, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Top note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Relieves anxiety, nervousness, fatigue
  - Enhances memory, mental clarity
  - Sharpens the senses
  - Expands lateral axis, gives a feeling of width
  - Opens heart meridian-clears energy movement between heart and hands
  - May create spinal column adjustments with application to spine
  - A spiritual oil, used for meditation
  - Chakra: Heart, navel
- BERGAMOT (Citrus bergamia)
  Expressed from the peel of the fruit, in Italy and Ivory Coast.
  
  SAFETY: Phototoxic-avoid exposure to sunlight or UV light source for 24 hours after application. No other toxic effects at normal dosage. Chemical class: monoterpene, ester
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Established Italian and European folk medicine, widely used in the flavor and fragrance industry
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral; topical; inhalation
  - Anti-parasitic, expells worms, laxative
  - Eases indigestion, colitis, flatulence, dyspepsia
  - Antiseptic, anti-infectious-treats strep, staph, and meningitis infection
  - Tonic action on uterus
  - Analgesic for pain relief
  - Treats colds, flu, tonsilitis (Anti-infectious)
  - Cold sores, herpes, chicken pox, shingles, acne, boils, psoriasis, itching, relieves hemorrhoids
  - Blood thinner, lymphatic cleanser
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, respiratory, digestive, genito-urinary, reproductive, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Top note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Uplifting, balancing and encouraging
  - Relieves anxiety, depression, anger, strengthens personal boundaries
  - Relieves nervousness, ADD and ADH symptoms
  - Refreshing, renewing
  - Helps us feel connected to (and okay with) our feelings
  - Opens and expands the heart chakra
  - Chakra: Heart, navel, solar plexus, third eye (Raises core energy)
- BIRCH-SWEET (Betula lenta) and Birch (Betula nigra)
  Different oils are produced from various birch species in Canada, Europe, USA. Often adulterated with methyl salicylate.
  
  SAFETY: May be moderately toxic, use in low dosages. May be irritating to skin in sensitive individuals. Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, or with small children. Chemical class: ester, 90% methyl salicylate.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Long used medicinally in Native American, Russian, and European folk medicine.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Topical; inhalation (Do not take internally)
  - Warming, improves circulation
  - Purifying, reduces cellulite (Diuretic, astringent)
  - Improves breathing (Expectorant, vulnerary)
  - Disinfectant (Anti-bacterial)
  - Combats obesity
  - Drying effect, relieves water retention
  - Relieves bone and joint pain (Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antirheumatic)
  - Stimulates bone growth, may help dissolve bone spurs and improve decalcification
  - Systems: Cardio-vascular, integumentary, muscular-skeletal, genito-urinary, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Top note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Relieves headaches
  - A general stimulating and reviving effect on the mind
  - Opens energy flow on etheric level (first level)
  - Fortifies energetic foundation, stimulates energy flow through bones
  - Chakra: Root, crown, equalizes energy flow through chakras
- BITTER ORANGE (Citrus aurantium bigardia, C. aurantium)
  Same species produces petitgrain from the leaves, neroli from the flower, bitter orange from the peel of the fruit. Produced in Italy, Asia, China through cold expression, is often redistilled for the fragrance industry.
  
  SAFETY: Phototoxic-avoid exposure to direct sunlight or UV light source within 24 hours of application. Safe at normal dosage. Chemical class: ester monoterpene alcohol. Contains coumarin, furocoumarin.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Chinese, Ayuervedic, and European traditional medicines
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral; topical; inhalation
  - Relaxing, bright aroma is a favorite for calming nervous children (Sedative)
  - Helps to form collagen for skin and muscle repair
  - Increases circulation, eases heart palpitations, thins blood (Anticoagulant)
  - Immunostimulant, treats colds, flu, chills, fevers-good prevention (Antibacterial, antiviral, febrifuge, expectorant)
  - Stimulates hormone production, including sex hormones, growth hormone, adrenalin balance
  - Aids kidney and gallbladder conditions, constipation, digestion, blood sugar balance, pancreatic production (Chologogue, choleretic, digestive, carminative, antitoxic)
  - Normalizes sebum production, good for dry- dull- oily- or congested skin, aids hydration and hydrolipid layer of protection on skin surface, helps stretch marks, cellulite, lack of skin tone
  - Lymphatic and circulatory stimulant, vasoconstrictor, hypotensor
  - Systems: Integumentary, immune, muscular-skeletal, cardio-vascular, endocrine, digestive, lymphatic, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Top note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Dispels tension and stress, increases mental clarity
  - Relieves nervousness, anxiety, insomnia, and fatigue
  - Cheering and energizing, increases concentration
  - Harmonizes personality with soul, helps recieve soul guidance and make positive life choices
  - Chakra:
- BLACK PEPPER (Piper nigrum)
  Produced in India, Indonesia, and Madagascar, steam distilled from the fruits (berries).
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Has been used as a medicinal herb and spice for thousands of years. Used by ancient Roman, Indian, Greek and European medicines. Some texts refer to ancient Egyptian usage.
  
  SAFETY: Possible skin irritation in very sensitive individuals. Chemical class: sesquiterpene phenol ether.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral; topical; inhalation
  - Stimulates circulation, treats arthritis pain, muscle pain and injury, neuralgia, warming muscles before sports activities (Analgesic, antispasmodic, anticonvulsive)
  - Treatment for coughs, colds, viruses, infections, reduces fever (Antitussive, febrifuge, antibacterial, antiseptic)
  - Stimulates the heart and increases muscle tone (Cardiac tonic)
  - Strengthens digestive system, stimulates liver and pancreas, stimulates appetite, good for flatulence, constipation, diarrhea, nausea or vomiting, digestive upsets (Antiemetic, poisoning antidote, stomachic, laxative, antitoxic)
  - Enhances cleansing of toxic accumulation, weight loss, cellulite condition
  - Stimulates kidneys and urinary system, helps infection or genital discharge, increases urine production (Diuretic)
  - Systems: Immune, respiratory, muscular/skeletal, cardio-vascular, genito-urinary, digestive, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Heart or top note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Helps mental alertness; stimulating and reviving
  - Warming
  - Catalyzer-enhances the synergy of blends and increases the potency of other oils
  - Has both sedative and stimulating effects depending on what is needed
  - Opens electrical energy flow throughout whole body
  - Chakra: Throat, third eye, solar plexus (Root, heart)
- BLACK SEED (Nigella sativa) Also called Black cumin
  Produced by cold expression from the seeds, in Turkey, Africa, and Mediterranean countries. Part essential oil, part fatty oil (carrier oil), it can be used neat or diluted.
  
  SAFETY: Used in Middle Eastern countries as a food or nutritive oil, black seed is safe for all applications. Avoid during pregnancy, the oil is useful during lactation to increase milk production.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Discovered in King Tut’s tomb, earliest written reference is from biblical texts. Used in ancient Egypt and Syria, by Greek physicians, early Muslim, Arab, and Chinese herbalists. Known as “habbatul barakah”, the seed of blessing in Arabic, it is used as a remedy for almost any condition known.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral, as nutritional supplement; suppository; topical
  - Rich in fatty acids, linoleic acid, amino acids, carotene, and arginine (necessary for infant growth), it is a nourishing and fortifying oil for oral use
  - Labratory testing has validated daily black seed consumption to boost helper to supressor T-cells ratio up 72% in four weeks, indicating potential for an important role in treating AIDS, cancer, immune deficiency diseases (Immune tonic)
  - Helps asthma, allergic reactions (Antihistamine, anti-allergic)
  - Strong antitumor properties effective against carcinoma and lymphoma have been demonstrated in laboratory (Anti-tumoral, anti-oxidant)
  - Tested in labratories to be more effective than some antibiotics against many strains of bacteria including V. cholera, E. coli, and all strains of Shigella spp. except Shigella dysentriae (Antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic)
  - Increases milk production during lactation
  - Traditionally used to relieve all kinds of bowel complaints, flatulence, bloating, vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, and to counteract stomach ache from eating green fruit or other irritating foods
  - Relieves arthritis pain and inflammation (Anti-inflammatory)
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, lymphatic, digestive, endocrine, reproductive
  PERFUME NOTE: Heart or base note, musky tone
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Chakra: Root, abdominal, and solar plexus
- BLUE CYPRESS (Callitris intratropica)
  Produced through steam distillation of the leaves. The oil is produced in the Northern Territory of Australia, north of Darwin.
  
  SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, or with small children. Chemical class:
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Very new oil to the aromatherapy market, the tree has been used medicinally by the Tiwi people of Australian for thousands of years. Voted the fragrance of the new millenium, it was also the official fragrance of the 2000 Olympic games.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Topical; inhalation
  - Gauiazulene gives the oil its blue color-it is the only tree oil with a blue component
  - Like other blue oils, it is good for sprains, strains, bruises, swelling, and pain relief (Anti-inflammatory)
  - Immune system booster, treats and prevents infection (Antibacterial, antiseptic)
  - Good for skin conditions involving inflammation, wounds and cuts, burns, insect bites, sunburn (Vulnerary)
  - Treats muscular pain, athletic injuries, nerve pain (Antispasmodic, antineuralgic)
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, muscular-skeletal, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Base note/fixative (Woody, smoky tones with a licorice undertone)
  Blends well with tangy, citrus, minty, or flowery notes
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Chakra: Solar plexus, third eye, crown
  - Soothes emotions, brings awareness out of emotion and back into body
  - Brings balance to the mind, stabilizes an overactive mind
  - Encourages peaceful acceptance of the present
  - Chakra:
- CABREUVA (Myocarpus fastigiatus, M. frondosus)
  Steam distilled from the wood in South America, South Africa. Related to Tolu and Peru Balsam.
  
  SAFETY: Non-toxic, considered safe at normal dosage. Chemical class: alcohol.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: New oil to aromatic medicine.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Topical; inhalation
  - Vapors open sinus and breathing passages, deepen breathing, relieve asthma, bronchitis (Balsamic, expectorant)
  - Hormone like action, balances pituitary
  - Tonic for testicular and prostate glands
  - Relieves muscle pain, rheumatism, arthritis pain, increases muscle tone (Anti-inflammatory)
  - Dry chapped or cracked skin, eczema, wounds or inflamed conditions
  - Lowers blood pressure (Hypotensor)
  - Systems: Integumentary, respiratory, muscular-skeletal, endocrine, genito-urinary, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Base note/fixative
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Mentally warming, opening, and comforting
  - Nourishes emotional drain
  - Relieves nervous tension and stress
  - Nourishes core energy, slows and stabilizes outer energy levels, especially mental excess
  - Chakra: Root, solar plexus
- CAMPHOR -WHITE (Cinnamomum camphora)
  Steam distilled in Japan from the wood of the tree.
  
  SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, or with children, use with caution-contains high ketones. Chemical class: alcohol.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Once considered more valuable than its weight in gold, camphor has been used in Chinese medicine over 2000 years, also used in Ayervedic medicine.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Topical; inhalation
  - Immune stimulant-relieves symptoms of contagious diseases (Antibacterial, antiseptic, antiviral, antiparasitic, vermifuge)
  - Insect repellant and insecticide
  - Very warming to joints and muscles, relieves muscular pain, loosens tight muscles, relieves pain of rheumatoid arthritis (Anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, analgesic)
  - Anti-infectious-relieves genital infections, respiratory infections, digestive infections
  - Inhaled vapors open sinuses and breathing passages
  - Adrenal stimulant, use sparingly and with caution
  - Systems: Immune, digestive, muscular-skeletal, genito-urinary, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Top note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Relieves depression and moodiness
  - Awakens and stimulates the mind, brings mental clarity
  - Strengthens etheric and psychic boundaries, brings attention to present time/self
  - Chakra: Solar plexus, throat
- CAPE MAY (Coleonema album) also called “Wild buchu” (not the same oil as Buchu)
  Steam distilled in South Africa and Madagascar from the stems and leaves of the shrub.
  
  SAFETY: Avoid with small children, during pregnancy and lactation.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Used in African herbal medicine, especially Hottentot and Sotho tribes.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral; topical; inhalation
  - Relieves pain of arthritis, rheumatism, back ache, muscle pain and cramping (Anti-inflammatory, analgesic)
  - Reduces fever, helps relieve cold and flu symptoms, sore throat pain (Antiseptic)
  - Gentle diuretic, moves water out of tissues-good for swelling, edema, water retention (Diuretic, detoxifier, astringent)
  - Nervous system relaxant, useful for bathing to reduce tension and warm muscles
  - Repels mosquitos and ants
  - Used by fishermen in Africa to remove the odor of bait from skin, removes strong odors like fish and onions (Deodorant)
  - Systems: Immune, muscular-skeletal, nervous, endocrine, lymphatic
  PERFUME NOTE:
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Reduces self judgement
  - Provides protection from negativity of others
  - Encourages positive and gentle communication
  - Chakra:
- CAPE SNOWBUSH (Eriocephalus africanus, E. punctulatus)
  Steam distilled in South Africa from the leaves of the shrub, native to the Cape of Good Hope area.
  
  SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy and lactation. Safe at normal dosage. Chemical class: ester.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Used by native peoples of the mountains of South Africa.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-homeopathic dosage only; topical; inhalation
  - Treats back pain, arthritis pain, muscular inflammation, injuries, sprains, contusions, tendinitis, etc. (Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic)
  - Used in the bath for relief of cramps, tight muscles, general relaxation
  - Good choice for relief of nerve pain, disc injury, sciatica
  - Immune stimulant, good for raising immune levels (may be used daily, long term) (Immune tonic, decongestant, balsamic)
  - Relieves inflammations of the skin, wounds, burns, cuts, boils, etc. (Vulnerary, hemostatic)
  - Relaxing to the nervous system (Sedative)
  - Brings on menstruation, eases related cramping and discomfort, massage into legs for relief of swelling and water retention (diuretic)
  - Treatment for diarrhea and dysentery
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, muscular-skeletal, nervous, reproductive
  PERFUME NOTE:
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Relieves depression, anxiety, insomnia
  - Balancing to addictive personalities
  - Dispells the thought of having no time to allow the self to heal
  - Chakra:
- CASSIA (Cinnamomum cassia, C. aromatica, Laurus cassia)
  Also known as Chinese cinnamon, cassia is produced from leaves and twigs in China and Asia.
  
  SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, or with small children. May cause sensitization or skin reaction in sensitive individuals. Contains moderate ketone quantity. Avoid with asthmatics. Chemical class: aldehyde. Contains phenol.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Established usage in Greek, Roman, and Chinese aromatic medicine. Used as a spice for cooking in Roman and Greek cultures.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral, suppository; topical; inhalation
  - Treats digestive infection, candida, toxic intestine, gum disease, pancreas imbalance
  - Parasiticide
  - Common cold, bronchitis, infections (Broad spectrum antibacterial, antiviral)
  - Relieves aches and pains, tones muscle, increases joint mobility (Analgesic, stimulant)
  - Bacterial cystitis, male impotence, kidney conditions, urinary and vaginal infections
  - Increases circulation
  - Useful for skin infections and boils
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, respiratory, muscular-skeletal, digestive, genito-urinary, reproductive, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Heart note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Relieves depression
  - Relieves insomnia
  - Warming and stimulating to emotions, relaxing to mind
  - Chakra: Solar plexus (Navel, heart)
  - Energetic properties: Balances occiput, 1st and 2nd cervical vertebrae, opens etheric flow through hips and pelvic floor. Clears emotional stagnation. (Energy field levels: Physical, 1st and 2nd).
- CHAMOMILE, GERMAN (Matricaria recutita)
  Produced from the flowers. The steam distillation process produces azulene, which gives the oil a blue color. Hypercritical CO2 extraction produces a green waxy oil. Produced in Germany, Europe, Asia.
  
  SAFETY: Non-irritant, non-sensitizing, non-allergenic. Appears safe at normal dosage. Chemical class: sesquiterpene.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Established usage in European herbal medicine.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral, suppository; topical
  - Improves digestion, soothes ulcers, nausea, liver regenerant (Antispasmodic, antiseptic, chologogue, hepatic)
  - Relieves pain and swelling from soft tissue injuries, possibly the best aromatherapy treatment for sprains, strains, contusions, and inflammation (Anti-inflammatory)
  - Relieves hormonal imbalance and menstrual discomfort (Analgesic, sedative, tonic)
  - Disinfectant, cystitis treatment (Antibacterial, antifungal, antiseptic)
  - May be placed directly on open wounds, broken skin, injuries
  - Reduces fever (Febrifuge)
  - PMS and menopausal balancer
  - Skin treatment for dermatitis, acne, cuts, eczema, severly infected skin
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, muscular-skeletal, digestive, endocrine, genito-urinary, reproductive, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Heart note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Calming, peaceful energy
  - Enhances a state of ease
  - Ancient Egyptians dedicated the plant to the sun: Warming spirit
  - Chakra: Solar plexus
- CHAMOMILE, ROMAN OR ENGLISH (Anthemis nobilis, chamaemelum nobile)
  Steam distilled in England, Europe, all over the world.
  
  SAFETY: No known contraindications. Considered safe at normal dosage.
  Chemical class: esters, lactone
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Established usage in European, Greek, Roman, and Egyptian herbal medicine.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Topical; inhalation
  - Acne, allergic skin reactions, insect bites, burns (Antipruritic, anti-inflammatory, emollient, antiallergic)
  - Relieves aches and pains, rheumatism, arthritis (Analgesic)
  - Disinfectant (Antibacterial, antifungal, antiseptic, antiviral)
  - Reduces fever (febrifuge)
  - Uterine stimulant, reduces PMS and menopausal symptoms, normalizes painful or irregular periods
  - Digestive, relieves colic, nausea, vomiting, gastritis, colitis
  - Soothing to nervous system (Anticonvulsive, antineuralgic, hypnotic, analgesic)
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, muscular-skeletal, digestive, reproductive, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Heart note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Arrests nervous system shock
  - Eases anxiety, tension, worry, fear
  - Enhances patience
  - Creates feeling of peace
  - Chakra: Solar plexus
- CINNAMON BARK AND CINNAMON LEAF (Cinnamomum zeylanicum, C. verum, C. loureirii)
  Native to Asia, cinnamon bark oil and leaf oil are steam distilled in Viet Nam (C. loureirii) and Sri Lanka (C. zeylanicum and C. verum); other Cinnamomum species oils are produced including camphor and cassia-they are very different oils and are seperately listed. Bark oils are often stronger than leaf oils and possibly more sensitizing or irritating to sensitive skin.
  
  SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, and with small children. May be sensitizing, avoid exposure to direct sunlight or UV light source within 24 hours of application. Use well diluted, short term/infrequent application to avoid sensitization reaction. Chemical class: aldehyde. Contains coumarin.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Ancient Chinese writings include cinnamon as a medicinal dating back 2700 years. It was used by the ancient Egyptians in mummification processes, and medicinally by Chinese, Asian, Greek, Roman, European, and Egyptian herbal medicines.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral; topical; inhalation
  - Heart stimulant, raises blood pressure, blood thinner and anticoagulent increases blood flow
  - Treats all manner of digestive problems, including ulcers and infections of the mouth, stomach, intestine, toothaches and gum disease, nausea, vomiting, flatulence, colitis, constipation, diarrhea, dysentery (Combine with carrot for colon inflammation)
  - Antiparasitic-fights amoebas, worms, cysts, and all types of parasitic infection (Antiparasitic, vermifuge)
  - Broad spectrum antibacterial, effective against staph, gram+ and gram- bacillus; immune stimulant and preventative for contagious diseases, tropical infections, etc. (Germicidal, antiseptic, antiviral)
  - Effective against a wide range of fungal infections, including candida, aspergillis (Antifungal)
  - Treats athletes foot, head lice, warts, scabies, and insect bites
  - Muscular pain, spasm, and rheumatoid arthritis (Analgesic, anesthetic, antirheumatic)
  - Raises body temperature, detoxification, cellulite reduction
  - Respiratory tonic and stimulant, eases coughing and bronchitis (Antitussive)
  - Regulates menstruation, eases cramps, aids uterine contractions in birthing, helps male impotence, balances male and female reproductive systems, urinary infections, vaginitis
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, cardiovascular, muscular/skeletal, genito-urinary, digestive, respiratory, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Base or heart note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Warming and stimulating-relieves isolation, attracts and enhances relationships
  - Relieves fatigue and exhaustion, depression, and fear
  - Chakras: Root, navel, throat
  - Used in ancient Egyptian mystery schools to enhance ascension process
- CLARY SAGE (Salvia sclarea)
  Steam distilled from flowering tops of the plant in China, Indonesia, Russia, Europe.
  
  SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, or with small children. Avoid driving or any activity that requires full concentration while using, large doses are very sedative. Estrogen-like action, avoid with estrogen dependant conditions such as endometriosis, breast or uterine cancer. Chemical class: esters
  
  USAGE HISTORY: European herbal medicine use began around 1500.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral, suppository; topical, inhalation
  - Improves digestion, eases constipation, relieves gas and colic (Antispasmodic, carminative, digestive, stomachic)
  - Treatment for asthma, throat infection
  - Relieves aches and pains, menstrual discomfort, regulates menstruation, uterine tonic, helps hot flashes and menopause symptoms (Analgesic, estrogenic, anti-inflammatory)
  - Aids circulation, lowers high blood pressure, reduceds high cholesterol levels
  - Uterine stimulant, aids in childbirth
  - Adrenal stimulant
  - Reduces muscular aches and pains, spasm, and cramps
  - Treatment for hair loss, skin ulcers and inflammation, acne, wrinkles, excessive perspiration
  - Systems: Integumentary, immune, respiratory, muscular-skeletal, digestive, endocrine, genito-urinary, reproductive, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Top or heart note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Mildly intoxicating and euphoric, aids depression and migraines
  - Eases paranoia
  - Enhances the dream state, creativity
  - Chakra: Navel and brow
- CLOVE (Eugenia carophyllata, E. carophyllus, E. aromatica, Syzigium aromaticum)
  Different oils are produced from clove leaves, buds and stems. Produced in China, Madagascar.
  
  SAFETY: Skin irritant-must be diluted. Clove bud is less irritating than seed oil. May be sensitizing. Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, or with small children. chemical class: phenol, ester
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Long established as an essential oil in Chinese, Ayurvedic, ancient Persian, and western folk medicine.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral; topical; inhalation
  - Warming
  - Improves digestion, relieves gas (Antispasmodic, carminative)
  - Vapors open sinus and breathing passages (Expectorant)
  - Mood uplifting, mental stimulant (Antidepressant)
  - Reduces pain by numbing local area (Analgesic, anesthetic)
  - Disinfectant (Antibacterial, antifungal, antiseptic, antiviral)
  - Repels insects (Parasiticide, insecticide, vermifuge)
  - Aphrodisiac
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, respiratory, muscular-skeletal, digestive, endocrine, genito-urinary, reproductive, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Base note/fixative
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Warming, uplifting, stimulating
  - Enhances memory and recall
  - Stimulates mental clarity
  - Increases vitality and endurance
  - Chakra: Root (solar plexus)
  - Sedates etheric level energy flow (balances, diperses, slows and numbs energy flow)
- COFFEE (Coffea arabica)
  Produced by CO2 extraction from the roasted bean. Produced in Germany, France, India, Africa.
  
  SAFETY: Avoid in pregnancy, lactation, and with small children.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: A very new oil to the aromatherapy market, coffee has been used as an herbal drink and medicine by cultures in South and Centro-America, Middle East, Turkey, Arabia
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral; topical; inhalation
  - Inferred by herbal properties of coffee-strong adrenal stimulant
  - Nervous system stimulant-may be contra-indicated for those with sleep disorders or nervous tension
  - Raises heart rate
  - Increases apetite for eating disorder
  - Diuretic-eliminates extra water in tissues, swelling and edema
  - Systems: Nervous, endocrine, cardio-vascular, digestive
  PERFUME NOTE:
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Wakes up a tired mind, raises energy level
  - Relieves depression
  - Provides a warm and fuzzy response to the emotions
  - Eases hunger pangs, creates feeling of satisfaction
  - Chakra: Root, solar plexus
  - Brings up male energy
  - Relieves emotional resistance to taking action (procrastination)
- COMBAVA (Citrus hystix)
  Produced in Comoros, Madagascar through cold expression of the peel of the fruit.
  
  SAFETY: Phototoxic-avoid exposure to sunlight or UV light source within 24 hours after application. Appears safe at normal dosage. Chemical class: terpene.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Originally produced for the flavor and fragrance trade, the oil is fairly new to the aromatherapy market.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral; topical; inhalation
  - Immune stimulant, helpful for bacterial infections, staph, viruses etc (Anti-infectious, antibacterial, antiseptic)
  - Liver decongestant-stimulates bile production, aids cleansing programs
  - Possible anti-tumoral properties
  - Balances and stimulates ovarian and testicular hormones
  - Stimulates veinous circulation-helpful for varicose veins, lymphatic stimulant
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, lymphatic, cardio-vascular, endocrine, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Top note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Stimulates the mind, relieves mental fatigue
  - Eases stress
  - Chakra:
- CORIANDER (Coriandrum sativum)
  Seperate oils are produced from the seed (usually called coriander) and from the leaf or whole plant (usually called cilantro). Steam distilled in many countries including Hungary, Poland, Czeckoslovakia, Rumania, Morocco, India, France, Egypt. Also available as a CO2 extract.
  
  SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Estrogen-like action, avoid with breast cancer and estrogen dependant condtitions. Chemical class: aldehyde
  
  USAGE HISTORY: In use as a medicinal substance for more than 5,000 years, it has been used by ancient Roman, Greek, Egyptian, Chinese, Ayurvedic, and European medicines. Listed in the United States Pharmacopoeia in the 1820’s to the early 20th century.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral, suppository; topical; inhalation
  - Digestive tonic, relieves gas, bloating, diarrhea, nausea, hiccups, intestinal spasm, strengthening stomach (Aperitive, digestive, carminative, stomachic)
  - Relieves muscle pain, arthritis, gout, stiffness (Analgesic, antispasmodic)
  - Cleansing, encourages elimination of toxins and congestion, increases circulation, antioxidant (Diuretic, detoxifier, deodorant)
  - Heart and circulatory stimulant
  - Eases labor and delivery, post-partum depression, irregular periods, infertility (Estrogen like action)
  - Systems: Digestive, muscular-skeletal, cardio-vascular, endocrine, reproductive, integumentary, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Top note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Relieves nervous exhaustion and insomnia
  - Relieves dizziness, migraines, shock, and fear-good for trauma recovery, hypnotherapy support
  - Releases bad memories stuck on “replay”
  - Chakra: (Navel)
- CUMIN (Cuminum cyminum, C. odorum)
  Oil is steam distilled or CO2 extracted from the seeds of the plant. Native to the Mediterranean, it is produced in France, India, Sudan, and other Mediterranean countries.
  
  SAFETY: Photo-toxic, avoid exposure to direct sunlight or UV light source within 24 hours of application. Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, and with small children. Chemical class: aldehyde monoterpene.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Ancient Egyptian as well as Greek and Roman medicines, used as a spice and medicinal herb in Ayurvedic, Arab, and Asian cultures.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral, suppository; topical; inhalation
  - Depurative-helps to cleanse and purify blood and tissues, eliminate toxic accumulation, reduce cellulite
  - Strong antioxidant
  - Moves stagnant fluid in the body, treats poor circulation, lymphatic congestion, swollen glands, testicles, prostate congestion
  - Relieves muscle and joint pain (Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antispasmodic)
  - Increases thyroid production, balancing for hypothyroid condition
  - Improves digestion, increases apetite, relieves constipation, flatulence, colitis, aids hepatitis
  - Relieves spasmodic coughs (Antibacterial, immune stimulant, cardiotonic)
  - May increase fertility by balancing hormones
  - Balancing to nervous system (Sedative, stimulant)
  - Systems: Immune, respiratory, muscular-skeletal, endocrine, digestive, reproductive, nervous, cardio-vascular, lymphatic
  PERFUME NOTE: Classified as top note by some, fixative by others
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Enhancing of masculine energy, blends beautifully with galbanum, rosemary, oak moss, or rosewood for this purpose
  - Strong aphrodisiac, spicy, sultry, cooling all at once
  - Brings up feelings of strength, vibrancy, and nurturance
  - Once used in temples as an incense, used by ancient Egyptians in the ascension process
  - Aids meditation and spiritual techniques
  - Relieves fatigue, exhaustion, insomnia
  - Chakra:
- CYPRESS (Cupressus sempervirens)
  Steam distilled in France and throughout the Mediterranean, from leaves and twigs of the tree.
  
  SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Some recommend avoiding with estrogen dependant conditions. Chemical class: monoterpene, contains slight ketone content.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Used in Egyptian, Greek, and Roman traditional medicines.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral, suppository; topical; inhalation
  - Decongestant for prostate, lymph glands, and veins
  - Stimulates liver and pancreas
  - Vapors open sinus and breathing passages, sprayed into throat-relieves sore throat pain (Mucolytic)
  - Treatment for tuberculosis and bronchitis
  - Strengthens vascular walls, excellent treatment for varicose veins
  - Disinfectant (Antibacterial, antiseptic, antiviral)
  - Normalizes female sex hormones, Useful for menstrual pain, PMS, and menopause symptoms
  - Stops excess perspiration, aids cellulite and edema conditions, increases skin circulation
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, respiratory, muscular-skeletal, digestive, endocrine, genito-urinary, reproductive, nervous, lymphatic
  PERFUME NOTE: Heart note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Eases feelings of loss, uncontrolled crying or talking
  - Purifies energy field, creates feelings of security and grounding
  - Removes mental and psychic blocks
  - Tonic to the spirit, raises energy levels
  - Chakra: Crown, etheric level (Chakra above head)
  - Used by ancient Egyptians in mummification and ascension processes
Essential Oils D-L
- INULA (Inula graveolens)
  A similar species, Inula helenium, produces a different oil called elecampane oil.
  
  Steam distilled in Corsica from the whole flowering plant. At this time I know of no other sources.
  
  SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy and lactation, and with small children. Chemical class: ester sesquiterpene lactone.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral, vaginal suppository; topical; inhalation
  - Very powerful mucolytic, dissolves and expels mucus in respiratory tract; treats asthma, bronchitis, dry coughs, laryngitis, sinusitis, tuberculosis, supports healing and cleansing of mucus membranes (Mucolytic, expectorant, astringent, antispasmodic, antitussive)
  - Colds, viral infections, possible help to leukemia (Antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antiseptic, anti-infectious)
  - Lowers and regulates blood pressure, cardio-tonic, eases palpitations, lowers cholesterol levels, aids lymphatic circulation and drainage (Cardio-tonic, astringent)
  - Detoxifies blood impurities, balances and raises blood sugar, helps clear gallbladder and liver, expels liver flukes and parasites (anthelmintic, choleretic, hyperglycemic, depuritive, detoxifier)
  - Treats vaginal trichomonas, infection in urinary tract
  - Reduces oily skin, acne, helps skin inflammations and rashes, relieves itching and stinging insect bites
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, cardio-vascular, lymphatic, genito-urinary, respiratory, digestive, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Top note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Sedative to the central nervous system
  - Calming, brings a state of peace and relaxation
  - Enhances courage
  - Chakra: (Heart)
- LANTANA (Lantana camera)
  Produced in Madagascar, the plant is native to the USA. Steam distilled from leaves of the shrub-flowers and berries are poisonous.
  
  SAFETY: Contains moderate amount of ketones. Safe for moderate use only. Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, or with small children. Do not use over long time periods. Chemical class: ketone.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: New oil to the aromatherapy market.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Topical; inhalation; Do not take internally
  - Cooling
  - Soothes muscle pain (Antispasmodic) Anti-tumoral properties
  - Vapors open sinus and breathing passages, disinfects sinuses (Expectorant, anticatarrhal, antimicrobial)
  - Mood uplifting (Antidepressant)
  - Promotes formation of scar tissue, wound healing (Cicatrizant)
  - Treats and prevents viral infection (Strong antiviral)
  - Reduces fever (Febrifuge)
  - Induces and regulates menstruation
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, respiratory, muscular-skeletal, reproductive
  PERFUME NOTE:
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Cooling
  - Calming, reduces stress, promotes restful sleep
  - Chakra: Crown, brow, solar plexus
  - Energetic properties: Opens bridge between 4th and 5th levels of field. Activates outer energy field levels, heightens awareness and strengthens boundaries. Liquifies solid emotional energy and allows it to drain out feet.
- LEMON MYRTLE (Backhousia citriodora)
  Very new to the aromatherapy market, little information is currently available on this oil.
  Produced in Australia.
  
  SAFETY: Appears safe at normal dosage. Possible sensitization with prolonged use.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: New to aromatherapy. Data is inferred from other oils from Myrtaceae family.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral, suppository; topical; inhalation
  - Vapors open sinuses, treat bronchitis (Expectorant, anticatarrhal, antiseptic)
  - Reduces muscular pain, arthritis pain (Analgesic, anti-inflammatory)
  - Disinfectant (Antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral)
  - Prostate decongestant, balances ovaries and hormones, balances thyroid
  - Liver stimulant
  - Acne, psoriasis, skin infections
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, respiratory, muscular-skeletal, endocrine, genito-urinary, reproductive, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Heart note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Calms fear, anger, despair
  - Eases fear of death or illness
  - Treats insomnia
  - Mental distraction
  - Chakra: Root, throat
  - Energetic properties: Centers energy on core, opens blocks between levels of the human energy field, opens meridian flow, stimulates etheric body (1st level)
- DEVIL'S CLUB (Opoponax horridum)
  Also known as Alaska Ginseng
  
  Steam distilled from wild root bark collected in various locations outside of Anchorage. DiamondHeart is the only producer of this oil that I know about.
  
  SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy or lactation or with small children. Potency is extremely high, use highly diluted formula. Hydrosol may be best for internal use.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Used by Athabaskan, Aleut, Tlingket-Haida, and other native Alaskan peoples for medical and spiritual purposes. Properties are inferred from herbal uses.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral (homeopathic dosage); topical; inhalation
  - Lowers blood sugar for diabetics
  - Balances blood sugar when fasting, experiencing hypoglycemia
  - Immune booster, long term tonic for all body systems, a relative of ginseng, good for rebuilding health and strength after long illness or degeneration when used in homeopathic dosage
  - Cleansing action-encourages the cells to release toxic accumulation when taken internally in diluted form
  - Releases tight muscles, eases muscular tension
  - Pancreatic and endocrine balancer and tonic
  - Aids mental illnesses, schizophrenia
  - Balances male and female hormones, eases reproductive organ infection or congestion
  - Systems: Immune, cardio-vascular, muscular-skeletal, integumentary, endocrine, reproductive, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Heart note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - A highly spiritual plant, Devil’s club works differently for different individuals. When collecting Devil’s club, I find that if I ask permission and harvest only what is offerred, I will avoid getting any rash or skin irritation. However, if I just harvest whatever I choose and do not make the connection to the plant spirit-I will get a stinging irritation right away when handling Devil’s club.
  - Uplifting and energizing to the spirit, it creates the feeling of strong boundaries and spiritual protection. Disperses built-up stagnant energy in the energy field. Good for creating movement and communication through all levels.
  - Chakras:
  NOTES:
- DILL SEED (Anethum graveolens, Fructus anethi)
  
  Essential oils are produced from the seed, or the whole plant. Steam distilled in Asia, Europe, and North America.
  
  SAFETY: Possible photo-toxicity, avoid direct sunlight or UV light exposure within 24 hours of application. Chemical class: monoterpene, ketone.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Used in ancient Greece, Egypt, and India as a medicinal plant. Established usage in European and western folk medicine.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  Internal-oral; topical; inhalation
  Useful just before birth and during lactation to increase milk production (Rub on chest daily for a week before due date)
  Prevents gas formation in intestines, prevents fermentation and aids digestion (Carminative, aperitive, digestive, galactogogue)
  Increases perspiration, useful for cleansing and breaking a fever (Diaphoretic)
  Sweetens breath, has laxative properties
  Calming and relaxing, promotes sleep
  Eases colic in babies
  Aids hypertension-balancing to blood pressure
  Antispasmodic, relieves pain and muscular cramps
  Systems: Digestive, cardio-vascular, genito-urinary, nervous
  
  PERFUME NOTE: Top or heart note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  Cooling and calming
  Clears stagnant energy from the solar plexus and navel chakras
  Provides a protective energy during sleep/journeying in other worlds, helpful for hypnosis and astral travel
  Chakra: Solar plexus, navel, throat
  Helps eliminate procrastination and prepare to take action in the physical world
- EUCALYPTUS (Eucalyptus citriodora)
  Lemon eucalyptus
  
  Steam distilled from leaves of the tree in Madagascar, Brazil, Australia.
  
  SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, with small children. Chemical class: aldehyde, alcohol.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral in homeopathic amounts, suppository; topical; inhalation
  - Disinfectant (Antibacterial, antifungal, antiseptic, antiviral)
  - Treats arthritis, joint and muscle pain (Anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic)
  - Fever reducer (Febrifuge)
  - Treats herpes, fungal infections, dandruff
  - Respiratory enhancer-opens breathing passages, treats sore throat, asthma, laryngitis (Expectorant)
  - Repels insects (Parasiticide, insecticide, vermifuge)
  - Systems: Immune, respiratory, muscular-skeletal, genito-urinary, reproductive
  PERFUME NOTE: Top note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Cooling
  - Calming
  - Helps to relieve fatigue
  - Eases restlessness
  - Purifies air and energetic environment
  - Chakra:
- EUCALYPTUS (Eucalyptus radiatta or E. australiana)
  aka Peppermint eucalyptus
  
  Steam distilled in Australia from the leaves and small twigs of the tree.
  
  SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy and lactation, and with small children. Chemical class: oxide.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Australian folk medicine, and European medicine, as well as many other cultures. Was used to sterilize catheters in 19th century British hospitals.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral in homeopathic dosage, suppository; topical; inhalation
  - Treats arthritis, muscular aches and pains, injuries, sprains, and inflammations (Anti-inflammatory, analgesic)
  - Relieves lung and respiratory congestion, chronic lung conditions, infections, colds, flu, fever, and bacterial infections (Antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, disinfectant, antiseptic, expectorant, febrifuge)
  - Cystitis and bladder infections, leucorrhea, vaginitis, eases endometriosis, inflammation in reproductive system (male and female)
  - Coughs, sore throat, asthma, sinus and bronchial infections
  - Relieves sciatica, neuralgia
  - Tonic and regenerating to skin, helps disinfect and heal wounds (Vulnerary, regenerative)
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, muscular-skeletal, genito-urinary, reproductive, respiratory, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Top note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Protection on psychic and spiritual levels
  - Opens energy flow through feet and crown, links chakras
  - Opens flow through physical and meridians
  - Stimulates movement-helps with indecision, paralysis (mental or emotional), procrastination
  - Chakra: All (Third eye)
- EUCALYPTUS DIVES
  Steam distilled in South Africa from leaves and twigs.
  
  SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, or with small children. Appears non-toxic at normal dosage. Chemical class: ketone oxide.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Established usage in Chinese, European, and Native American herbal medicine.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Topical; inhalation
  - Vapors open sinus and breathing passages, deepen breathing, relive asthma, sinus infection, bronchitis, throat infections (Expectorant, decongestant)
  - Relieves aches and pains, arthritis pain, and injuries (Analgesic, antirheumatic, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory)
  - Disinfectant (antibacterial, antifungal, antiseptic, antiviral)
  - Kidney and urinary infection, kidney regenerator, increases urine flow
  - Immune system stimulant, treats colds, flu, coughs, excess mucus producing conditions
  - Cuts and scrapes, acne (Skin disinfectant)
  - Treats headache, nervous exhaustion, sciatica, nerve pain
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, respiratory, muscular-skeletal, genito-urinary, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Top note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Improves mental clarity and alertness
  - Reviving, refreshing, energizing
  - Brings attention and presence to the here and now
  - Chakra: Heart, brow
- EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS (Commonly called blue gum)
  Steam distilled from leaves in Australia, China. Spain, France, Madagascar. This oil is often rectified or synthetically produced.
  
  SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, or with small children. Possible phototoxicity-avoid exposure to direct sunlight or UV light source for several hours after applying oil to skin. Contains ketones, avoid with liver degeneration or siezures.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Established usage in local folk medicine (Australia). Used in 1800’s by British hospitals to sterilize surgical equipment. The Koala bear eats the leaves of this tree as its only food.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral (in homeopathic amounts only), suppository; topical; inhalation
  - Lowers blood sugar in diabetics
  - Vapors open sinus and breathing passages, deepen breathing, increases resorption of mucus in respiratory tract (Expectorant)
  - Relieves aches and pains (Analgesic, antirheumatic, anti-inflammatory)
  - Disinfectant (Antibacterial, antiseptic, antifungal, antiviral)
  - Treats deep lung infections, tuberculosis, bronchitis, diphtheria, colds, malaria, bacterial and viral infections
  - Uterine and vaginal infection, urinary tract infection
  - Blood thinner, increases circulation
  - Insect repellant, insect bite treatment (Parasiticide, insecticide)
  - Burns, herpes outbreak, lice, cradle cap, oxygenates skin cells
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, respiratory, muscular-skeletal, genito-urinary, reproductive, nervous.
  PERFUME NOTE: Top note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Improves mental clarity, alertness and concentration
  - Purifying to energetic environment
  - Expands and opens human energy field
  - Chakra: Heart, throat, brow
- EUCALYPTUS POLYBRACTEA (Commonly called blue mallee)
  Steam distilled from leaves in Australia, France. The original name was changed to Eucalyptus fruticetorum, but it is most often still sold as E. polybractea.
  
  SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, or with small children. Contains low ketones. Less irritating to skin than other eucalyptuses. Chemical class: oxide.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral in homeopathic dosages, suppository; topical; inhalation
  - Vapors open breathing passages and deepen breathing, good for rhinitis, bronchitis, colds, coughs, mucus conditions, asthma, throat and mouth infections (Expectorant, anti-catarrh)
  - Relieves aches and pains (Anti-inflammatory)
  - Disinfectant (Antibacterial, antifungal, antiseptic, antiviral)
  - Vaginal, uterine infection
  - Headache, exhaustion, nerve pain, sciatica
  - Systems: Immune, respiratory, muscular-skeletal, genito-urinary, reproductive, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Top note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Improves mental clarity
  - Purifies energetic environment
  - Soothing and strengthening to nervous system
  - Chakra:
- FENNEL (Foeniculum vulgare, F. officianale, Anethum foeniculum)
  Oil is steam distilled from the seeds of the plant in Germany, Spain.
  
  SAFETY: Contains low levels of ketones. Avoid during pregnancy, or with small children. Lowers thyroid production-do not use with hypo-thyroid conditions. Avoid with tumours. Chemical class: phenyl ether. Slight ketone content.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Long established as a medicinal herb in Chinese, Hindu, Roman, and Greek medicines.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral, suppository; topical; inhalation
  - Warming, improves circulation
  - Improves digestion, relieves gas (Antispasmodic, antiemetic, hepatic, antiseptic, galactagogue, carminative)
  - Detoxifier, decreases fluid retention, stimulates liver cleansing, reduces cellulite, encourages metabolism of stored fat
  - Disinfectant (Antibacterial)
  - Repels insects (Parasiticide, vermifuge)
  - Laxative
  - Increases milk production for lactating mothers
  - Relieves menstrual pain-estrogen like action, facilitates delivery in childbirth
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, respiratory, muscular-skeletal, digestive, endocrine, genito-urinary, reproductive, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Top to middle note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Aids detoxification from nicotine, alcohol, drugs
  - Enhances strength and courage
  - Energy field protection-fortifies healthy boundaries
  - Chakra: Root
- FIR
  Including fir balsam (Abies balsamifera), silver fir (Abies alba), Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), Siberian fir (Abies siberica)
  
  Distilled from the needles of the tree, in Canada, Russia, USA, and Europe. There are around 40 species of fir tree.
  
  SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Chemical class: monoterpene, ester.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Used extensively in Native American herbal medicine.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral in homeopathic dosage only; topical; inhalation
  - Immune stimulant, good for colds, coughs, fever, flu, staph, bronchitis, rhinitis, respiratory infections; strengthens immunity, enhances absorption of vitamin C (Antiseptic, antibacterial, deodorant, antitussive, expectorant)
  - Stimulates/balances endocrine glands
  - Urinary antiseptic, treats urinary bacterial infections, cystitis
  - Heals burns, cuts, wounds, itching, hemorrhoids (Vulnerary, cicatrizant, astringent, disinfectant)
  - Cleansing and purifying to lymphatic system, removes lymphatic deposits, helps to reduce cellulite
  - Strong laxative effects, treats intestinal parasites and worms (Laxative, vermifuge)
  - Muscle pain relief, good for loosening muscles before sports activities (Antispasmodic, analgesic)
  - Systems: Immune, respiratory, integumentary, lymphatic, digestive, genito-urinary, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Heart note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Tonic effect on the central nervous system
  - Warming and grounding to the emotions
  - Clears the mind, opens and frees mind of limitations
  - Chakra: (Solar plexus)
  - Energy body: opens energy flow between emotional body, mental body, and spiritual body.
- FORAHA
  Also known as Calophyllum or tananu (Calophyllum inophyllum)
  
  Available cold pressed and as a CO2 extract. It is a heavier oil with waxes that appears to be somewhere between an essential oil and a carrier oil. It is produced from the kernel of the fruit in Tahiti (called Tamanu) and Madagascar (called Foraha)
  
  SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Chemical class: contains esters, terpenes, amino acids, fatty acids, and other constituents.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Traditionally used as a skin care and hair preparation, additionally recognized as a digestive in local folk medicine.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral, suppository; topical
  - Treatment for hemorrhoids
  - Stimulates hair growth, good treatment for hair loss
  - Skin infections (Antibiotic, antimicrobial)
  - Cellular regenerator, treats wounds, lesions, eczema, burns, dermatitis
  - Detoxification-treats acne, any condition that produces pus
  - Combined with ravensare, the best aromatherapy treatment for shingles
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, muscular-skeletal, digestive
  PERFUME NOTE: Heart note or base note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Deep, earthy, rich scent evokes a sense of stability
  - Brings up childhood memories
  - Chakra: root
  - Energy body: Slows and stabilizes emotional and mental body excess.
- FRANKINCENSE
  DIAMONDHEART
  ESSENTIAL OILS GUIDE
  
  Also called olibanum (Boswellia carterii, B. thurifera)
  
  Steam distilled in Somalia, Oman, Northern Africa, from the tree bark and exudate (resin).
  
  SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Chemical class: sesquiterpene, monoterpene, diterpene.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Established as a valuable plant medicine since ancient Egyptian times, over 5,000 years ago. Used in European, Chinese, and Middle Eastern medicines as well.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Topical; inhalation; internal-homeopathic dosage only.
  - Improves digestion, relieves gas, soothes intestines, relieves burping (Antispasmodic, digestive, tonic)
  - Vapors open breathing passages, deepen breathing, relieve coughing (Expectorant, antitussive)
  - Skin emollient, treats dry, mature or aging skin, acne, scars, all skin types
  - Treats asthma
  - Moves across the blood/brain barrier to oxygenate the pineal and pituitary glands
  - Immune stimulant, cancer treatment (Antitumoral)
  - Breast inflammation, general genital infections
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, respiratory, digestive, endocrine, genito-urinary, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Heart or base note/fixative
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Relieves stress, nightmares, tension, anxiety, depression
  - Enhances divine connection, brings inner peace
  - Cleans aura and psychic planes
  - Chakra: Links crown to root, prana tube opener (Opens outer chakras above crown)
  - Energetic properties: Energy bodies drop into alignment and anchor in physical
  - Used by ancient Egyptians for ascension process, by early Christians and throughout the Middle East and Africa as a ceremonial oil
- GALBANUM (Ferula galbaniflua, F. gummosa, F. rubicaulis)
  Steam distilled from the bark in the Mediterranean region, including Iran, Turkey, Afghanistan, Lebanon
  
  SAFETY: May cause skin reaction in some sensitive individuals. Chemical class: terpene.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Mentioned in the Holy Bible as one of the ingredients in “Holy Ointment”. It was used in Egyptian, Greek and Roman medicine. This oil may be one of the oldest plant medicines still in use today.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Topical; inhalation
  - Relieves diarrhea and stomach infections
  - Relieves bronchial spasm
  - Relieves aches and pains and arthritis (Analgesic, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory)
  - Skin rejuvenator, heals scar tissue, wrinkles, abcesses, lesions, wounds
  - Aphrodisiac, relieves water retention, PMS, menopause symptoms
  - Catalyzer-enhances the properties of other oils in blends, raises the overall blend frequency
  - Systems: Integumentary, respiratory, muscular-skeletal, endocrine, genito-urinary, reproductive, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Top note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Calming and balancing for mood swings and hysteria
  - Resolves old emotional blocks and patterns
  - Enhances meditation
  - Chakra:
  - Brings attention to present reality
- GERANIUM (Pelargonium x asperum, P. graveolens, P. odorantissimum, P. roseum)
  Over 700 varieties of geranium are known. Steam distilled from the leaves in France, Reunion, Egypt, many other countries-especially in Africa.
  
  SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Chemical class: alcohol, ester, very slight ketone content for some species.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Established usage in many cultures, including Native American, European, and Chinese herbal medicine.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal; topical; inhalation
  - Liver tonic and cleanser, cleans mucus from intestines and gall bladder, aids candida and intestinal infections (Hepatic)
  - Regulates glandular functions and hormone balance, regulates blood sugar, pancreatic tonic
  - Relieves kidney stones and urinary infection
  - Disinfectant (Antibacterial, antifungal, antiseptic)
  - Stops bleeding (Hemostatic)
  - Relieves nerve pain, sciatica, neuralgia
  - Blood cleanser, lymphatic stimulant
  - Perceived as stimulant by some and sedative by others
  - Acne, burns, bruises, broken capillaries, regenerative, wound healing
  - Systems: Integumentary, immune, muscular-skeletal, digestive, endocrine, genito-urinary, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Heart note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Uplifting and balancing to the nervous system, brings feelings of strength and vitality
  - Helps to release negative memories
  - Encourages communication, reduces tension held in organs and myofascia
  - Chakra: Solar plexus, navel throat, (third eye)
  - Energetic properties: Strengthens connection to others through psychic grid. Strengthens etheric body (1st level) and brings awareness to geometric forms in the energy field
- GINGER (Zingiber officianalis)
  Distilled from the rhizome (shallow root) of the plant, in West Indies, China, Viet Nam, Asia.
  
  SAFETY: May be phototoxic-avoid direct exposure to sunlight or UV light source within 24 hours of application. Chemical class: monoterpenes, sesquiterpene, alcohol.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Used in African, Ayurvedic, Chinese, Egyptian, Greek, Roman, and European medicine extensively for thousands of years.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral; topical; inhalation
  - Colds, flu, fever, infectious diseases
  - Relieves all kinds of digestive upsets, including colic, flatulence, gas pain, loss of appetite, constipation, nausea, vomiting, indigestion, motion and altitude sickness, anorexia, and hangover (Antiemetic, digestive, carminative, aperitive, laxative)
  - Aphrodisiac, increases sexual feelings, uterine tonic after childbirth, regulates menstruation
  - Regulates moisture in skin, treats sores and abscesses increases skin circulation
  - Eases angina, stimulates circulation and varicose veins, reduces swollen glands, treats anemia
  - Dries excess mucus, good for coughs, chronic congestion, smoker’s cough, tonsillitis and respiratory infections, once used as a remedy and preventative for plague in the 1500’s (Antibacterial, antiseptic, febrifuge, antitoxic, antitussive)
  - Muscular pain, tightness, congestion, fatigue, sprains and strains, joint pain, injuries-good compress for pain (Analgesic, anti-inflammative, antispasmodic)
  - Systems: Immune, respiratory, digestive, cardio-vascular, lymphatic, reproductive, muscular-skeletal, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Top or heart note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Enhances memory
  - Stimulating and grounding at the same time, sharpens the senses
  - Useful for psychic protection, eases psychic oversensitivity
  - Strengthens boundaries
  - Improves mental clarity
  - Chakra: Balances all chakras particularly root and solar plexus
- GOLDENROD (Solidago canadensis, S. odora)
  Steam distilled from the flower of the plant in Canada, USA.
  
  SAFETY: Avoid in pregnancy, lactation, and with small children. Possible skin reaction in very sensitive individuals, possibility of allergic reaction in highly allergic individuals. Chemical class: monoterpene sesquiterpene ester.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Used in Native American medicine and as folk remedy for early European settlers in America. Also used in European and Chinese herbal medicines.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Cardio-vascular tonic and pain relief, treats cornonary spasm, pericarditis, endocarditis, arteritis, hypertension
  - Relieves hayfever, allergies, sinusitis, sore throat, sinus infection, diptheria
  - Anti-inflammatory, useful for warming muscles and treating muscular inflammation and joint pain
  - Relieves lymph congestion and swollen glands
  - Relieves sciatica, neuralgia, neuritis, nerve pain and nerve degeneration
  - Systems: Muscular-skeletal, cardio-vascular, lymphatic, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Heart note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Opens, nourishes, and balances heart energy
  - Heals broken heart, softens hardened heart
  - Clears heart chakra of old residue and grudges, brings awareness into heart and lung area
  - Opens the gateway to the sacred heart space-helpful for journeying and meditation in heart
  - Helpful for insomnia
  - Chakra: Heart, throat, crown
- GRAPEFRUIT (Citrus paradisii)
  ...and WHITE GRAPEFRUIT (Citrus racemosa)
  
  Produced in Italy, South Africa, West Indies, Sudan by cold expression, from the peel of the fruits.
  The grapefruit is a stabilized hybrid of sweet orange and pommelo. It first appeared in the West Indies in the 19th century.
  
  SAFETY: Photo-toxic, avoid direct exposure to sun within 24 hours of application. Chemical class: terpene, contains coumarin and furocoumarin.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral; topical; inhalation
  - Stimulates and detoxifies lymphatic system (Astringent, depurative, diuretic)
  - Airborne disinfectant, great for purifying environment, preventative immune booster
  - Eliminates excess water in tissues, increases urine flow, helps tone cellulite condition
  - General tonic, strengthening to all systems
  - Treatment for colds, flu (Antibacterial, antitoxic)
  - Treats athlete’s foot, tones and tightens skin, acne and oily skin, aids hair growth
  - Stimulates and cleanses gall bladder and liver, liver tonic, helpful for anorexia and bulimia
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, lymphatic, genito-urinary, respiratory, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Top note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Uplifting and refreshing, enhances mental clarity and sharpens the senses
  - Helps depression, stress, jet lag
  - Support for alcohol and drug withdrawal
  - Chakra: (Root)
  - Energy body: Opens energy flow between mental body and spiritual body.
- HAVOZO BARK (Ravensare anisata)
  ...and RAVENSARE (Ravensare aromatica)
  
  There are 18 different species of ravensare tree. Produced by steam distillation in Madagascar.
  
  SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Chemical class: ether, oxide alcohol.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Established as an essentiol oil in native and western folk medicine, European aromatic medicine.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Topical; inhalation
  - Warming, relieves muscle fatigue and joint pain
  - Soothes the intestines (Antispasmodic, carminative)
  - Vapors open sinus and breathing passages (Expectorant)
  - Increases production of milk in lactating mothers
  - Promotes and eases production of bile, aids gall bladder and liver
  - Disinfectant (Antibacterial, antiseptic, antiviral)
  - Relieves menstrual discomfort (Estrogenic)
  - Strong anti-viral, one of the strongest in aromatic medicine, treatment for shingles, herpes, viral hepatitis and meningitis
  - Supports bone regeneration
  - Appears anti-allergic, may relieve allergies
  - Strong CNS stimulant
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, respiratory, muscular-skeletal, digestive, endocrine, genito-urinary, reproductive, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Top note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Relieves depression
  - Aids insomnia
  - Decreases anxiety and stress
  - Relieves fear and anguish
  - Helps one to increase desire for change
  - Chakra:
- HELICHRYSUM
  Also known as everlasting or immortelle (Helichrysum italicum, other Helichrysum species are sometimes distilled as well)
  
  Produced in France, Spain, Yugoslavia, eastern Europe, from flowers by steam distillation
  
  SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Chemical class: terpene, monoterpene ester.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Used as an herbal remedy in Europe, oil is fairly new to aromatherapy. Now used extensively in aromatic medicine.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral, suppository; topical; inhalation
  - Inhibits bleeding, may be applied neat directly to a wound (Analgesic, regenerative, disinfectant)
  - Reduces scar tissue, adhesion; regenerates skin cells
  - Detoxifies liver, helps to expell heavy metal accumulation
  - Improves skin conditions including psoriasis, burns, bruises, acne, allergies, broken veins, stretch marks, etc.
  - Helps spleen function and glandular detoxification
  - Treatment for herpes and cystitis
  - Muscular pain and contracture, sprains, rheumatoid arthritis
  - Relieves headache and shock
  - Relieves neuralgia
  - Colds and flu treatment, herpes outbreaks, spasmodic and chronic coughs
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, respiratory, muscular-skeletal, digestive, genito-urinary, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Heart or base note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Relieves depression, nervous exhaustion
  - Cuts through emotional barriers, helps us to forgive and let go
  - Relaxing, reviving, strengthening
  - Chakra: Brow
  - Energy body: Reconnects disassociated emotional energy, opening flow between etheric body (1st level), emotional body, and mental body.
- HYSSOP (Hyssopus officianalis and H. officianalis var. decumbens)
  Produced from the flowers, leaves and stems of the plant. H. officianalis var. decumbens is the only variety that is ketone free. Produced in France, England, Yugoslavia, Italy, Hungary, eastern Europe.
  
  SAFETY: Avoid with high blood pressure, during pregnancy, lactation, and with small children. Decumbens variety contains no ketones, other species contain moderate ketone content. Chemical class: oxide, ketone.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Mentioned in the Bible as an ingredient in “Holy Oil”, hyssop has been used since antiquity. Used by Roman and Greek medicines, European and Egyptian herbal medicines.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral; topical; inhalation
  - Liquifies and eliminates mucus, helpful for respiratory infections, coughs, sore throat, tonsillitis, pneumonia, emphysema, asthma, a good sore throat gargle (Expectorant, mucolytic, febrifuge, antibacterial, antiviral)
  - Raises or normalizes blood pressure, helps angina
  - Immune enhancer, eases cystitis, infections, anticancer properties (Antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antiseptic, parasiticide, tonic)
  - Treats swelling, inflammation, contusions, trauma or injury to soft tissue, support for Multiple Sclerosis
  - Helps the digestion of fat, regulates metabolism, stimulates liver, helps liver congestion and hepatitis
  - Relieves itching, helps wounds, scars, fungal infections, acne, dry skin, dermatitis, etc.
  - Balances ovaries, stimulates menstrual flow, reduces vaginal infection
  - Systems: Immune, muscular-skeletal, genito-urinary, integumentary, cardio-vascular, respiratory, digestive
  PERFUME NOTE: Heart note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Relieves fatigue, anxiety, and depression
  - Clears grief
  - Supports mental clarity and vision, good for enhancing deep concentration
  - Raises spirtual awareness before rituals
  - Chakra: (Heart, solar plexus)
  - Energy body: Opens flow between spiritual body and universal body. Clears spiritual mucus and stagnant energy.
- JADE CYPRESS
  Also called White Cypress (Callitris glaucophylla)
  
  Steam distilled from the leaves in Australia.
  
  SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. No chemical analysis available at this time.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: New oil to the aromatherapy market. According to Aboriginal herbal medicine, it is used as a fumigant to treat colds and sores.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-homeopathic dosage only; topical; inhalation
  - Treatment for respiratory infection and congestion, bronchitis, sinusitis
  - Antiviral, antibacterial, and antiseptic properties
  - Immune system stimulant
  - Acne, oily skin, devitalized skin treatment
  - Antitussive, cleans airborne bacteria
  - Diuretic, encourages the release of excess water in tissues, detoxification, bladder infection
  - Powerful anti-inflammatory, useful for muscle and joint pain, bruising, athletic injury
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, respiratory, muscular-skeletal, genito-urinary
  PERFUME NOTE: Base note (Spicy woody aroma)
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Chakra: Heart, throat
  - Balances electrical system
  - Increases awareness of energy grids/spirit world and communication on those levels
  - Good for journeying and enhancing spirit communication
- JUNIPER BERRY (Juniperus communis)
  Steam distilled in France, Yugoslavia, Italy. Oil is also produced from juniper branches, which contains more toxic constituents. Only juniper berry oil is suitable for aromatherapy use.
  
  SAFETY: Avoid in pregnancy, young children. Avoid prolonged use, which could strain kidneys. Chemical class: sesquiterpene monoterpene.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Used as an herbal remedy in Europe, North America, Asia.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral with careful consideration, suppository; topical; inhalation
  - Traditionally used for kidney or urinary stones and infections. Avoid oil made from branches for this purpose!
  - Plague, cholera, typhoid treatment, poison antidote
  - Antiseptic, cleans and detoxifies cells
  - Lowers uric acid build-up, alkalinizes blood, cleanses lymph, circulatory and glandular systems
  - Eases water retention, menstrual pain
  - Treatment for leucorrhea, vaginitis, cystitis, common cold, bacterial infections
  - Muscular pain relief, relieves gout
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, respiratory, muscular-skeletal, digestive, endocriine, genito-urinary, reproductive, nervous, lymphatic
  PERFUME NOTE: Heart note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Relieves anxiety
  - Relieves jet lag
  - Evokes feelings of health, love, and peace
  - Strengthening to the energy field
  - Purifies negative energy from environment, other people
  - Chakra: crown
- KHELLA (Ammi visnaga)
  Steam distilled from seeds in Morocco and Egypt.
  
  SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, or with small children. Phototoxic-avoid exposure to direct sunlight or UV light source for 24 hours after application. Avoid with blood thinning drugs (warfarin or coumarin). Chemical class: monoterpene coumarin.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Established usage in Middle Eastern medicine.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Topical; inhalation; Do not take internally
  - Reduces colitis spasm, hepatitis, gallbladder and kidney colics, ulcers (Antispasmodic, relaxant)
  - Vapors open sinus and breathing passages, deepen breathing, used for asthma treatment, allergic reactions, bronchial spasm (Expectorant, bronchiodilator)
  - Relieves aches and pains and menstrual discomfort (Analgesic, estrogenic, anti-inflammatory)
  - Increases urine flow, helps nephritis
  - Helpful with heart spasm, angina, arteriosclerosis, insufficiency of heart muscle, dilates coronary arteries
  - Lowers blood pressure, thins blood, dilates coronary blood vessels
  - Systems: Respiratory, muscular-skeletal, digestive, genito-urinary, cardio-vascular, lymphatic, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE:
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Alleviates tension and stress associated with asthma
  - Chakra: Solar plexus
- LABRADOR TEA
  Also known as Greenland moss (Ledum groenlandicum, L. latifolium)
  
  Oil is produced from the leaves of the plant, in Canada and USA.
  
  SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, or with small children. Phototoxic-avoid exposure to direct sunlight or UV light source within 24 hours of application to skin. May be extremely sedative to some people, do not use when driving or when alertness is needed. Chemical class: terpene. Contains slight amount of ketone.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Although new to the aromatic medicine market, the herb has long been used as a tea by Canadian and Alaskan Native peoples.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral, suppository; topical; inhalation
  - Stimulates and regenerates liver, detoxifies liver and kidneys, eases enteritis, flatulence, digestion (Hepatic, antispasmodic, stomachic)
  - Vapors open sinus and breathing passages, deepen breathing; relieves colds, coughs, congestion (Expectorant)
  - Relieves muscle pain and spasms, swollen conditions (Analgesic, anti-inflammatory)
  - Thyroid and endocrine regulator, eases prostatitis, prostate regulator
  - Reduces fever, flu, and allergic reaction (Febrifuge)
  - Helpful for inflamed lymph nodes or infected glands
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, respiratory, muscular-skeletal, digestive, genito-urinary, reproductive, nervous, cardio-vascular, lymphatic
  PERFUME NOTE:
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Brings consciousness to the present
  - Strong sedative-do not use while doing anything that requires full attention
  - Chakra: root, abdominal, third eye.
  - Opens flow through meridians and etheric body. Opens energy flow and communication between heart, lungs, liver, kidneys. Relieves stagnation and balances energy distribution.
- LARCH
  Also called Tamarack (Larix laricina, L. decidua, L. europaea)
  
  Steam distilled in France, Europe, and Canada from the needles.
  
  SAFETY: Avoid in pregnancy, lactation, and with small children. Chemical class: terpene.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: No known historical use, larch is a new oil to the aromatherapy market.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Vapors open sinuses and breathing passages (Antiseptic)
  - Treats coughs, colds, bronchitis, pneumonia (Antibacterial, immune stimulant)
  - Relieves constipation (Laxative)
  - Astringent and diuretic, moves stagnant water out of tissues, relieves cellulite and edema conditions
  - Stops bleeding (Hemostatic)
  - Wounds, sores, and skin problems (Vulnerary)
  - Pain relief, especially bone pain, helps recovery of degenerative bone dis-ease (Analgesic)
  - Systems: Integumentary, immune, respiratory, muscular-skeletal
  PERFUME NOTE: Top note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Purifying and cleansing to the environment, protects human energy field from external negativity, from environment or other people
  - Strengthens and emphasizes core energy
  - Relieves depression, sadness and heavy feelings
  - Lightens and disperses emotional negativity, clears mental chatter, enhances focus
  - Neutralizes fatigue
  - Brings consciousness deep into bone
  - Increases energy flow up and down spine
  - Enhances creativity, opens the creative flow of energy
  - Chakra: Opens back of chakras, solar plexus, crown
- LAVENDER (Lavandula augustifolia, L. offianalis, L. vera)
  Steam distilled from the flower in France (world’s finest comes from Provence), England, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Croatia, New Zealand, in smaller quantities all over the world. Possibly the most adulterated and misrepresented oil on the market.
  
  SAFETY: When using true lavender oil, safe at normal dosage. Photosensitization can occur with chemically altered oils. Do not use with coumadin or blood thinning drugs. Alcohol ester classification.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Established usage in European aromatic medicine.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral, suppository; topical; inhalation
  - Known as the universal oil, almost every condition can benefit from treatment with lavender
  - All skin conditions, including burns, wounds, insect bites, blisters, eczema, abscesses, scars, diaper rash, sunburn, etc.
  - Disinfectant, treats cystitis, vaginal infection, flu, viral infections, tuberculosis, typhoid fever (Antibacterial, antiviral, antiseptic, antifungal)
  - Treats muscle spasm, strains and sprains, cramps, contracture, rheumatic pain
  - Normalizes blood sugar output by the liver, reduces apetite when taken before meals
  - Blood thinner, lymphatic cleanser, reduces water retention and balances blood pressure
  - Stimulating and sedating depending on what is needed
  - Harmonizes conflicting aromas, great for unifying blends
  - Reduces nausea and vomiting
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, respiratory, muscular-skeletal, digestive, endocrine, genito-urinary, cardio-vascular, lymphatic, reproductive, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Top or heart note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Stabilizes emotional and etheric planes
  - Reduces mood swings, manic depressive tendencies
  - Chakra: Balances all chakras
  - Clears environmental energy, neutralizes disharmonic frequencies
- LELESHWA (Tarchocanthus camphoratus)
  Also called Mkalambati in Swahili, known to the Maasai as leleshwa
  
  Steam distilled in Kenya from the flowers and leaves of the shrub.
  
  SAFETY: Very rare, new to the aromatherapy market. Appears safe at normal, dosage. Avoid during pregnancy and lactation until established and usage information suggests otherwise.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Used in African herbal medicine. Also used by animals-rhinocerous and cape buffalo have been observed crushing the leaves of the tree onto their skin as an insect repellant to keep free from ticks and tse-tse flies.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral; topical; inhalation
  - Treatment for dandruff, psoriasis, eczema, contact dermatitis, rashes, itching, cuts and small wounds, bee stings (Antiseptic, antipruritic, cicatrizant)
  - Great acne treatment, clears complexion and reduces surface bacteria
  - Has natural detergent properties, ideal for use in soaps and cleansing gels, deodorant, cleans skin and pores (Antiseptic, detoxifier)
  - Treats athlete’s foot and fungual skin infections (Anti-fungal)
  - Enhances immune system, fights colds, flu, viruses, bronchitis, respiratory infections (Antibacterial, antiviral, anti-infectious)
  - Used in Africa as a foot and leg creme for stimulating circulation and easing sore, tired feet
  - Excellent insect repellant for flies, mosquitos, bees, etc. Suggested use-dilute in carrier oil or water-based creme or lotion, 2% to 0.5% is said to be as effective as commercial preparations (Insecticide)
  - The strongest natural preservative, will lengthen the shelf life of cremes, shampoos, and other blends
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, respiratory, muscular-skeletal
  PERFUME NOTE:
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Treats anxiety, bad dreams and nightmares
  - Eases headache
  - Reduces need for protection, especially around heart
  - Releases feeling of emotional or energetic weight
  - Releases stagnant tension, energy flow through spine
  - Chakra: Root, solar plexus, third eye
- LEMON (Citrus limon, C. limonum)
  Oil is pressed from the peel of the fruit. Produced in Italy, Argentina, USA.
  
  SAFETY: Photo-toxic, avoid exposure to direct sunlight or UV light source within 24 hours of application to skin. May be irritating to skin in very sensitive individuals. Classification: monoterpene, contains coumarin and furocoumarin.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Established usage in Greek and European aromatic medicine.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral; topical; inhalation
  - Improves digestion, constipation, detoxification, liver and pancreatic stimulant, balances blood sugar (Antispasmodic, digestive, hepatic, detoxifier, stomachic)
  - Diffusion treatment for all respiratory infections (Decongestant, antiseptic)
  - Stimulates all glandular secretion, aids kidney infection, nephritis
  - Disinfectant, clears airborne bacteria, topical disinfectant, stimulates white blood cell production, cancer treatment (Antibacterial, antiseptic, antifungal)
  - Helps nosebleeds, arteriosclerosis, poor circulation
  - Treatment for mouth ulcers, gum dis-ease, acne, herpes, cellulite, oily skin, lightens skin pigments, tightens blood vessels
  - Lymphatic cleanser, helps varicose veins and phlebitis
  - Strengthens connective tissue
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, respiratory, muscular-skeletal, digestive, endocrine, genito-urinary, cardio-vascular, lymphatic, reproductive, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Top note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Improves mental clarity and alertness, stimulates brain and all senses
  - Enhances concentration
  - Useful for conflict in thoughts and intellect, connects essence self to emotional self
  - Chakra: Solar plexus
- LEMONGRASS (Cymbopogon citratus, ambopogon citratus, A. schoenathus)
  Steam distilled from the whole plant in Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam, West Indies, Madagascar, India, Guatemala, Brazil.
  
  SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. May cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals.
  Aldehyde classification.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Established usage in India, Thailand, and parts of Asia in aromatic medicine.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral; topical; inhalation
  - Connective tissue injuries-tendons and ligaments, muscular pain and injury, muscle fatigue (Analgesic, antispasmodic)
  - Relieves aches and pains and menstrual discomfort (Estrogenic, anti-inflammatory)
  - Intestinal antiseptic, stimulates liver, stimulates digestion (Antibacterial, antifungal, antiseptic)
  - Reduces fever, activates immune system
  - Supports thymus gland and spleen function
  - Increases blood and lymphatic circulation, detoxifies lymph system, helps cellulite and fluid retention (Diuretic, tonic)
  - Treats oily skin, enlarged pores, acne, bruises, lack of skin tone
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, muscular-skeletal, digestive, endocrine, genito-urinary, nervous, lymphatic
  PERFUME NOTE: Top note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Improves mental clarity and alertness
  - Promotes psychic awareness and purification
  - Purifies energy field and environment
  - Chakra: Solar plexus
Essential Oils M-R
- PEPPERMINT (Mentha piperita)
  Steam distilled from the leaves in England, France, China, and USA. China and USA produce mainly for the fragrance industry.
  
  SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, or with children under 5. Classification: alcohol ketone .
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Established usage in European herbal medicine since the 1600’s.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral, suppository; topical; inhalation
  - Improves digestion, relieves gas, soothes intestines, relieves nausea, motion sickness and vomiting, aids hepatitis and liver degeneration (Antispasmodic, antiseptic, antitoxic, carminative, digestive, hepatic, vermifuge)
  - Treatment for respiratory infection, halitosis, spasmodic and dry cough (Expectorant, antiviral, antibacterial)
  - Treatment for shock, fainting, and convulsions (Anticonvulsive)
  - Neuralgia, arthritis pain, sciatica, muscular aches and pains, menstrual cramping (Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anesthetic)
  - Reduces fever (Febrifuge)
  - Heart tonic
  - Increases white blood count, activates lymph flow and relieves blockage
  - Acne, scabies, ringworm, softens and degreases skin, helps skin retain moisture
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, respiratory, muscular-skeletal, digestive, endocrine, genito-urinary, reproductive, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Top note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Improves mental clarity and alertness
  - Dispels pride and inferiority
  - Stimulates the brain, nerve cells and metabolism; aids in increasing concentration and mental strength
  - Prevents a downward spiral in consciousness-useful following trauma or when dark emotions set in
  - Chakra:
- MANADARIN (Citrus reticulata, sometimes C. madurensis, C. nobilis)
  Available from green peels, red peels or yellow peels. Also called tangerine in the USA.
  
  Produced by cold expression of the fruit peels, oil can also be produced from the leaves (called mandarin petitgrain), in Italy. Oils produced in the USA are generally produced for the flavor and fragrance trade. I have occasionally seen it produced in China and several other locations as well.
  
  SAFETY: Phototoxic-avoid exposure to direct sunlight or UV light source within 24 hours of application. Classification: aldehyde, contains coumarin and furocoumarin.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Fairly new oil to the aromatherapy market, this oil was originally produced for the perfume industry.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral; topical; inhalation
  - Detoxifying-supports herbal cleansing, reduces cellulite, edema, water retention, purifies the blood, stimulates kidneys (Diuretic, detoxifier, laxative)
  - Increases lymph circulation and drainage
  - Immunostimulant, possible anticancer properties (Antifungal, antibacterial, antiseptic)
  - Aids PMS and menstrual cramping (Antispasmodic, emmenogogue, aphrodisiac)
  - Relieves indigestion, colic, swallowing of air, constipation and intestinal problems (Digestive, stomachic, parasiticide)
  - Eases difficult breathing (Tranquillizer)
  - Tonifies skin, treats acne and congested skin conditions, dry, oily and combination skin, moisturizes, treats stretch marks and scars
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, digestive, cardi-vascular, lymphatic, genito-urinary, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Top note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Wonderfully gentle and appealing oil for children, calms overactive children, ADD or ADHD symptoms
  - Balances oversensitivity
  - Brings up inner child energy
  - Enhances Christ consciousness connection, aids hypnotherapy
  - Relaxing and calming, enhances mental clarity and balances moodiness
  - Very stabilizing to the energy field
  - Chakra: Solar plexus, heart
  NOTES:
- MANUKA
  Also called New Zealand Tea tree (Leptospermum scoparium, L. petersonnii)
  
  Produced from the leaves and branches in New Zealand and Australia, by steam distillation.
  
  SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, or with small children. Classification: aldehyde.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Established usage by Maori people of New Zealand.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral, suppository; topical; inhalation
  - Vapors open sinus and breathing passages, deepen breathing
  - Relieves aches and pains, loosens tight muscles (Analgesic, anti-inflammatory)
  - Disinfectant, immune system activator (Antibacterial, antifungal, antiseptic, antiviral) Tested more effective than tea tree for gram positive bacterial infection
  - Healing to skin
  - Effective deodorant for body, environmental spaces, laundry, etc.
  - Strong antiviral properties, used for chronic fatigue symptoms
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, respiratory, muscular-skeletal, digestive, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE:
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - An antidepressant, manuka is uplifting and euphoric
  - Aphrodisiac effect for some
  - Relieves anxiety and stress
  - Chakra: Solar plexus, heart
- MARIGOLD (Calendula officianalis)
  Produced from the flowers in Europe, England, France, and Africa.
  
  SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Traditional usage in Incan, Arab, European, and Centro-American herbal medicine.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Topical
  - Disinfectant for skin wounds (Antimicrobial, antiseptic, fungicidal)
  - Treats varicose veins, wounds, skin inflammation (Anti-inflammatory)
  - For all skin types, improves cellular health of skin
  - Stops bleeding (Antihemorrhagic)
  - Systems: Integumentary
  PERFUME NOTE:
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Promotes psychic dreams
  - Chakra:
- MARJORAM
  Also called wild or Spanish marjoram (Thymus mastichina) or Sweet Marjoram (Origanum majorana)
  
  Sometimes marketed as oregano or thyme. Produced from flowering tops and leaves of the plant, in Spain.
  
  SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Alcohol terpene classification.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Established usage in Greek, Roman, Egyptian, and European aromatic medicine.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal; topical; inhalation
  - Improves digestion, aids aerophagia (the swallowing of air), relieves constipation
  - Vapors open sinus and breathing passages, treats whooping cough, bronchial infection (Expectorant, decongestant, antispasmodic)
  - Relieves aches and pains, arthritis, rheumatism
  - Disinfectant, treats bacterial colds and viral infections (Antibacterial, antiseptic, antiviral)
  - Relieves cardio-vascular spasm, lowers blood pressure
  - Treats bruises, boils, shingles, ringworm
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, respiratory, muscular-skeletal, digestive, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Heart note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Balances over-active sex drive
  - Eases hysteria, migraine headaches
  - Harmonizes other unlike blends and frequencies-a bridge and catalyst between different levels of consciousness
  - Chakra:
- MAY CHANG (Litsea cubeba, L. citrata)
  Produced from the fruit or berries of the tree by steam distillation in China, India, Chile.
  
  SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Classification: aldehyde
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Used extensively in Chinese medicine.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral, topical, inhalation
  - Respiratory tonic, useful for asthma, respiratory infections (Bronchodilator, Antiseptic, antibacterial, anti-infectious)
  - Relieves pain (Analgesic, anti-inflammatory)
  - Assists in tumor reduction (Antitumoral)
  - Heart tonic, balances heart meridian, aids high blood pressure, coronary disease, arteriosclerosis, reduces cholesterol (Cardio-tonic)
  - Strengthens digestive system, helps ulcers, nausea, flatulence (Carminative, galactogogue, digestive, stomachic)
  - Deodorant, reduces oily skin and hair, useful for acne, dermatitis, fungal infections, insect repellant (Vulnerary, emollient, insecticide)
  - Systems: Respiratory, integumentary, cardio-vascular, digestive, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Top note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Clears environmental pollution and negative energy-diffuse in room with tree oils (Pines, eucalyptus, spruce, etc.)
  - Uplifting and stimulating, useful for fatigue, exhaustion, insomnia, lethargy, anxiety
  - Cooling, euphoric for some
  - Chakra:
- MELISSA (Melissa officianalis)
  Also known as balm, lemon balm
  
  Steam distilled from the leaves and flowering tops of the plant. Melissa yields very tiny quantities of oil, it is mostly diluted with other lemon-scented oils and sold as “true melissa oil”. Produced in France, Europe, the Mediterranean countries. CO2 extracts are sometimes available, in my opinion they are much more likely to be therapeutic quality.
  
  SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Classification: aldehyde, sesquiterpene
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Used throughout Europe during the middle ages, also used in Greek, Egyptian, Arab herbal medicines.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral, suppository; topical; inhalation
  - Well-known as an anti-viral, blended with foraha it is a good treatment for shingles and herpes infection (Antiviral)
  - Treats cold, flu, fevers, strep infection, convulsions, asthma, bronchitis, coughs, headaches (Anticonvulsive, febrifuge, antibacterial, antihistaminic, antiseptic)
  - Helps muscle fatigue, stimulates muscles, relieves pain and spasm (Anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, muscular tonic)
  - Calms circulatory system, slows and strengthens heartbeat, lowers blood pressure, reduces heart palpitations due to stress or excitement (Hypotensor)
  - Relieves nausea, vomiting, stomach ache, indigestion, liver and gall bladder issues (Carminative, aperitive, digestive, choleretic, galactogogue)
  - Balances hormones and regulates menstrual cycle, eases infertility, menstrual pain (Emmenogogue)
  - Good for all skin types, fungal infections, wounds, stops bleeding, cold sores, insect bites (Antiseptic, vulnerary, antiallergic)
  - Systems: Immune, digestive, genito-urinary, respiratory, integumentary, cardio-vascular, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Heart note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Relieves fear, shock, grief, and anger, anxiety, depression, insomnia, hysteria
  - Helps assimilate and resolve past life influences
  - Increases understanding and acceptance
  - Chakra: (Heart, solar plexus)
- MYRRH (Comiphora molmol, C. myrrha, C. abyssinica, Balsamodenrom myrrha)
  Produced in Africa, Middle East, and Asia from the resin of the tree by steam distillation.
  
  SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. May cause irritation in very sensitive individuals.
  Classification: sesquiterpene
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Established usage in ancient Egyptian, Greek, and Arabic medicine.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral; topical; inhalation
  - Increases thyroid production, balances thyroxine in blood
  - Treats ulcers, gas, hemorrhoids, gum disease, indigestion
  - Stimulates white blood cell production, good for chronic dis-ease
  - Sore throat, asthma, bronchitis relief
  - Balances reproductive system hormones
  - Inflamed skin, boils, athlete’s foot, mature or wrinkled skin, weeping eczema
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, endocrine, genito-urinary, muscular-skeletal, digestive, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Base note/fixative
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Enhances and strengthens spirituality
  - Enhances visualization
  - Brings up deep, hidden, or unconscious feelings
  - Purifying to energetic environment and human energy field
  - Increases meridian flow
  - A popular oil for temple offerings and religious rituals of many religions
  - Chakra: (Throat, brow, crown)
  - Energetic properties: Cool and dry, increases energy circulation, stabilizes mental and emotional levels (2nd and 3rd levels)
- MYRTLE (Myrtus communis)
  A cineole chemotype is called red myrtle, and a linalool chemotype is called green myrtle.
  
  Produced in Corsica (green myrtle) and Morocco (red myrtle), also produced in Spain, Yugoslavia, France, Tunisia. Steam distilled from the leaves, branches, and flowers of the tree.
  
  SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, and with small children. Classification: oxide, ester
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral, suppository; topical; inhalation
  - Lymphatic decongestant, vein tonic, treatment for varicose veins and hemorrhoids
  - Immune stimulant, treats and prevents contagious diseases, colds and flu (Antibacterial, antiseptic, anti-infectious, antiallergic)
  - Bronchitis, lung, sinus and respiratory infections, smoker’s cough, children’s respiratory infections, opens sinus and breathing passages (Decongestant, balsamic, expectorant)
  - Used to treat bladder infections, pelvic disorders, painful menstruation
  - Useful skin treatment for beauty purposes; good for acne, oily skin type, restoring aging or wrinkled skin (Tonic, astringent)
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, cardio-vascular, lymphatic, respiratory, genito-urinary, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Heart note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Calming, sedative, eases tension, worry, fear, anxiety, anger, despair
  - Relieves fear of illness
  - Helps distraction, balances mental composure
  - Reduces overfocus on materialistic world
  - Chakra:
- NEROLI (Citrus aurantium bigardia, C. aurantium amara)
  Oil is steam distilled from the bitter orange flower in Italy, Morocco, Tunisia, Ethiopia. Often adulterated with petitgrain oil, produced from the leaves of the same tree, but much less expensive.
  
  SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Monoterpene alcohol classification.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Has been used in Europe as an essential oil since the middle ages.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Topical; inhalation
  - Calming, relieves stress, calms hyperactive children, promotes sleep
  - Helps relieve menstrual discomfort
  - Mood uplifting (Antidepressant)
  - Tonic for liver, pancreas (Place on stomach for infant colic)
  - Regulates heartbeat and nervous system-eases heart palpitations
  - Disinfectant (Antibacterial, antifungal, antiseptic)
  - Healing to skin, useful for thread veins, scars, stretch marks, mature, dry, and sensitive skin (Emollient)
  - Aids labor, PMS and menopause symptoms, sustains tone of uterus (Aphrodisiac)
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, respiratory, muscular-skeletal, digestive, cardio-vascular, reproductive, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Top note, possible heart note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Antidepressant
  - Aids shock, stress, anxiety
  - Aids in connecting with higher self, spiritual growth
  - Mild hypnotic, sedative to nervous system, tranquillizes
  - Relieves disappointment and sadness
  - Promotes self confidence and initiative
  - Heals feelings of loss
  - Chakra: Heart, above head
- NEROLINA (Melaleuca quinquinervia pilliga)
  Produced in southern Queensland and northern New South Wales, Australia from the leaves and twigs of the tree, by steam distillation.
  
  SAFETY: Safe in normal dosage. Classification: alcohol
  
  USAGE HISTORY: New to the aromatherapy market. Another variety of the same species, Melaleuca quinquenervia viridiflora (Niaouli) has been used extensively in modern aromatherapy. All are relatives of the tea tree (melaleuca alternifolia), well known as a universal healing oil worldwide, used by Australian Aboriginal herbal medicine for generations.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral, suppository; topical; inhalation
  - Treats viral infections, bronchitis, asthma, colds, coughs (Decongestant, antiviral, antibacterial, immune stimulant)
  - Treatment for shingles and cold sores
  - Adrenal tonic
  - Digestive system tonic, balancing to liver and pancreas
  - Universal properties like lavender and tea tree, can bring balance and improvement to most conditions
  - Used in Australia as a treatment for headlice
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, muscular-skeletal, digestive, respiratory, endocrine, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Top or heart note (Contains nerolidol and linalol which gives it a clean woody aroma with a lilac-like floral top note)
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Balancing positive and negative energies on all levels
  - Promotes stamina and physical endurance
  - Increases self confidence and self love
  - Expanding to the chest area-lungs and heart
  - Has the ability to “lift” other blends with a small addition to the compound
  - Chakra:
- NIAOULI
  Also known as MQV (Melaleuca quinquenervia viridiflora)
  
  Steam distilled in Madagascar, Australia. Very commonly adulterated with chemical constituents.
  
  SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Classification: monosesquiterpenol, oxide
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Established as a therapeutic oil in Australia, Western and European medicine.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral, vaginal and rectal suppository; topical, inhalation
  - Vapors open sinus and breathing passages (Expectorant, decongestant)
  - Disinfectant, treats bacterial and viral infection, tuberculosis, viral hepatitis (Antibacterial, antiviral, antiseptic, antifungal)
  - Repels insects (Insecticide)
  - Lymph stimulant
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, respiratory, muscular-skeletal, cardiovascular, lymphatic, digestive, endocrine, genito-urinary, reproductive, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Top note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Clears mind
  - Enhances ability to recieve
  - Aids concentration
  - Relieves depression due to infection
  - Chakra:
- NUTMEG (Myristica fragrans, M. aromatica, M. officianalis)
  Steam distilled from the seeds in Indonesia, Sri Lanka.
  
  SAFETY: Can be toxic in high or prolonged doses. Possible skin irritant in sensitive individuals. Classification: monoterpene, phenol ether
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Used medicinally in Indian and Arabian medicine.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral; topical; inhalation
  - Pain relieving properties, good for arthritis, muscle aches, gout, rheumatism, sprains, strains and muscle injuries, intercostal muscle pain, eases fatigue and congestion after sports (Analgesic, antispasmodic, circulatory stimulant, antirheumatic)
  - Aids bronchitis, coughs, colds, bacterial infections, fevers (Antibacterial, antiseptic, expectorant)
  - Imitates estrogen within the body, eases labor pains, increases contractions, facilitates birthing process, uterine stimulant and tonic (Emmenogogue, estrogenic, prostaglandin inhibitor)
  - Digestive stimulant, eases colic, indigestion, enhances appetite, treats bad breath, intestinal infections, diarrhea, constipation and parasites (Carminative, digestive, laxative, stomachic, tonic)
  - Stimulates heart and increases circulation (Cardiac tonic)
  - Systems: Immune, cardiovascular, digestive, respiratory, reproductive, muscular-skeletal
  PERFUME NOTE: Top or heart note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Enhances and intensifies dreams
  - Invigorates the mind, stimulates psychic awareness
  - Treats fainting and neuralgia, migraines, nervousness, fatigue
  - Opens root chakra and energy flow up and down the spine
  - Balances meridians and etheric energy flow
  - Chakra: Root
- ORANGE-SWEET ORANGE (Citrus sinensis)
  TEMPLE ORANGE (Citrus reticulata), TANGELO (Citrus tangelo), BITTER ORANGE (Citrus aurantium)
  
  Tangelo is a cross between grapefruit and tangerine. Temple orange is a cross between orange and tangerine. All are pressed from the peel of the fruit. Produced in Italy, Morocco, Guinea, Tunisia, Sicily, Mexico, Brazil, USA.
  
  SAFETY: Possible skin irritant in sensitive individuals. Photo-toxic, avoid exposure to direct sunlight or UV light source within 24 hours of application. Classification: monoterpene, alcohol, contains coumarin and furocoumarin
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Orange has a history of medicinal use in Chinese medicine.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral, suppository; topical; inhalation
  - Cooling
  - Calming to CNS-promotes sleep
  - Purifying, reduces cellulite (Anti-toxic)
  - Anti-tumoral properties, useful in cancer treatment
  - Disinfectant (Antibacterial, antifungal, antiseptic, antiviral)
  - Antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory
  - Good acne and oily skin treatment, softens epidermis, supports skin regeneration and stretch mark prevention, helps collagen formation
  - Laxative, kidney stimulant
  - Decreases edema
  - Stimulates hormone production, balances adrenalin and noradrenaline
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, respiratory, muscular-skeletal, digestive, endocrine, genito-urinary, reproductive, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Top note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Aids post-partum depression
  - Enhances mental clarity and concentration
  - Harmonizes body, mind, and spirit
  - Calms angry and irritable children
  - Chakra:
- OREGANO (Origanum vulgare, O. compactum, O. heracleotum)
  Steam distilled from the whole flowering plant, in Spain, France, Egypt, Morocco.
  
  SAFETY: Possible skin irritant, high in phenols. Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, and with young children. Classification: phenol
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Used by Greek and Roman physicians, and during the Middle Ages in Europe.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral, suppository; topical; inhalation
  - Very strong antibacterial properties, good treatment for plague, colds, flu, staph and strep infections, etc. (Antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antiseptic)
  - Eases respiratory distress and infection-otitis, sinusitis, rhinitis
  - Arthritis and muscular pain, bone pain and degeneration, nerve degeneration, sprains, spasms, neuromuscular contraction
  - Balances blood pressure, eases heart palpitations and irregular heartbeat
  - Relieves acidic stomach, constipation, mouth ulcers, digestive infections (staph, E. coli)
  - Increases heat and perspiration
  - Detoxifying, helps elimination of fat and cellulite
  - Stimulates uterine circulation, helps PMS symptoms
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, respiratory, muscular-skeletal, digestive, endocrine, genito-urinary, reproductive, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Base note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Eases hyperactivity, hysteria, stress migraines
  - Enhances mental clarity and concentration
  - Eliminates feelings of persecution or victmization
  - Eases obsession, loneliness
  - Aids manifestation of ideas
  - Helps vertigo and travel sickness
  - Chakra: Heart
- PALMAROSA
  Also called Rosha or Rusha (Cymbopogon martinii, anthropogon martinii)
  
  Produced from the leaves of the grass, in Nepal, Asia and Brazil. Steam distilled, it is commonly used to adulterate rose oil.
  
  SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Classification: alcohol, ester
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Greatly used in the cosmetic and fragrance industries, it has more recently become a popular aromatherapy oil. The grass is native to Asia.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral, suppository; topical; inhalation
  - A great skin treatment oil, moisturizing and regenerating to skin, treats acne, staph infection, wet eczema, wrinkles, dermatitis, cradle cap (combined with eucalyptus), diaper rash, scarring, good skin toner (Antibacterial, antifungal, cicatrizant, emollient, regenerator)
  - Good immune stimulant, treatment and preventative for viral infections, sinusitis, otitis, bronchitis, sore throat (Antiviral, antiseptic, tonic, febrifuge)
  - Balances thyroid production
  - Digestive tonic, relieves intestinal infection, treats E. coli, anorexia, worms or parasites.
  - Uterine tonic, eases labor, treatment for cervical, vaginal, and urethra infections, inhibits passage of bacterial infection from one partner to another when applied topically before intercourse
  - Dilates vessels, may assist with cardiac fatigue
  - Systems: Integumentary, immune, respiratory, cardiovascular, genito-urinary, digestive, nervous, endocrine.
  PERFUME NOTE: Top or heart note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Calming and uplifting, reduces stress
  - Mentally refreshing, relieves irritability, fatigue and nervousness
  - Relieves morning fatigue upon awakening
  - Opens and releases core energy, allows more light into auric field and physical body
  - Creates space in diaphragm
  - Brings consciousness into center of body instead of leaning forward
  - Chakra: Heart, throat
- PATCHOULI (Pogostemon cablin, P patchouli)
  Steam distilled from the leaves and flowers in Malaysia, Java, Sumatra, China, Brazil, throughout Indonesia.
  
  SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Very persistant strong odor, may not be suitable for the aromatically sensitive. Classification: sesquiterpene, alcohol
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Used in aromatic medicine of Phillippines, ancient Arab medicine.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral (homeopathic dosage), suppository; topical; inhalation
  - Curbs apetite, treats intestinal infection (Anti-infectious, antiseptic, antimicrobial)
  - Slows and deepens breathing, relaxes solar plexus and diaphragm
  - Endocrine stimulant, helps water retention and edema
  - Eases hot flashes and menopausal sweats
  - Detoxifying, helps reduction of cellulite
  - Strengthens veins
  - Treats poisonous bites, dry chapped skin, acne, enlarged pores, dandruff
  - Systems: Integumentary, respiratory, digestive, endocrine, genito-urinary, reproductive, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Base note/fixative (Very strong fixative)
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Nervous exhaustion and stress relief
  - Stimulating to some and sedative to others
  - Increases desire for self-care and self-nurturance
  - Increases physical energy, attracts prosperity
  - Sharpens the mind
  - Promotes good dreams
  - Chakra: Root and navel
  - Energetic properties: Slows down sense of time perception. Increases energy/attention in sensory levels, and outer field. Spiritual self drops into physical body.
- PEPPERMINT (Mentha piperita)
  Steam distilled from the leaves in England, France, China, and USA. China and USA produce mainly for the fragrance industry.
  
  SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, or with children under 5. Classification: alcohol ketone .
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Established usage in European herbal medicine since the 1600’s.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral, suppository; topical; inhalation
  - Improves digestion, relieves gas, soothes intestines, relieves nausea, motion sickness and vomiting, aids hepatitis and liver degeneration (Antispasmodic, antiseptic, antitoxic, carminative, digestive, hepatic, vermifuge)
  - Treatment for respiratory infection, halitosis, spasmodic and dry cough (Expectorant, antiviral, antibacterial)
  - Treatment for shock, fainting, and convulsions (Anticonvulsive)
  - Neuralgia, arthritis pain, sciatica, muscular aches and pains, menstrual cramping (Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anesthetic)
  - Reduces fever (Febrifuge)
  - Heart tonic
  - Increases white blood count, activates lymph flow and relieves blockage
  - Acne, scabies, ringworm, softens and degreases skin, helps skin retain moisture
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, respiratory, muscular-skeletal, digestive, endocrine, genito-urinary, reproductive, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Top note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Improves mental clarity and alertness
  - Dispels pride and inferiority
  - Stimulates the brain, nerve cells and metabolism; aids in increasing concentration and mental strength
  - Prevents a downward spiral in consciousness-useful following trauma or when dark emotions set in
  - Chakra:
- PERU BALSAM
  Also called Black balsam or Indian balsam (Myroxylon pereirae, Myrospermum pereirae, Toluifera pereirae)
  
  The essential oil is distilled from the fruits or bark of the tree, produced in Venezuela, El Salvador, and parts of Central America. It is called Peru balsam because it was historically shipped to Europe from Peruvian ports.
  
  SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Sensitization and skin irritation can occur with crude balsam extracts or poor quality oils. Use with care on skin sensitive individuals. Classification: ester
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Used in Chinese and Centro-American medicine, brought to Germany as a medicinal in the 17th century.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral, homeopathic dosage only, suppository; topical; inhalation
  - Healing to skin, useful for wounds, rashes, dry or chapped skin, cracked skin, sores, eczema, skin parasites, ringworm, mites, fungal infection, relieves itching, hemorrhoids (Vulnerary, emollient, parasiticide, antifungal, antipruritic, cicatrizant)
  - Good treatment for chronic asthma and bronchitis, relieves coughs, reduces mucus, treatment for tuberculosis (Balsamic, expectorant, antiseptic)
  - Reduces muscle pain and tension, relieves muscle congestion, rheumatism and arthritis (Analgesic, anti-inflammatory)
  - Treatment for pets with scabies-brush Peru Balsam diluted in 90% alcohol on animal’s fur
  - Immune booster, treatment for flu, colds, viral infections (Antibacterial, anti-infectious)
  - Treatment for cystitis, bladder infection and internal parasites
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, genito-urinary, muscular-skeletal, respiratory, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Base, useful fixative for oriental type perfumes
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Opening effect on the human energy field
  - Warming and comforting, mood uplifting
  - Purifying to energy field and environment
  - Chakra:
- PETITGRAIN (Citrus aurantium var. amara, C. bigaradia)
  Distilled from the leaves of the bitter orange, it is produced in Italy and many countries in Africa, Asia, and the Mediterranean.
  
  SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Classification: ester, alcohol, monoterpene
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Developed for the fragrance industry, it is a fairly new oil to aromatherapy market.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral; topical; inhalation
  - Relaxes muscle spasm, hiccups, nervous spasm, cardiovascular spasm and heart palpitations, eases joint inflammations and arthritis (Antispasmodic, anti-inflammative)
  - Immune stimulant (Antiseptic, antibacterial, treats staph and pneumococcus)
  - Skin regerator, helps acne, dry and oily skin, reduces excessive perspiration, tones skin, useful deodorant, stimulates tissue regrowth (Astringent)
  - Digestive tonic, relieves gas and indigestion, stomach and intestinal tonic, useful for chronic hepatitis (Digestive, stomachic, tonic)
  - Systems: Immune, digestive, muscular-skeletal, cardio-vascular, integumentary, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Top or heart note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Balances central nervous system
  - Relieves insomnia, promotes sleep
  - Refreshes the mind, relieves mental exhaustion and fatigue, promotes mental clarity
  - Stimulating and sedative properties
  - Chakra: (Navel, heart)
- PINE (Pinus sylvestris, pinus pinaster)
  Other pine species are produced, including turpentine (Pinus palustris). Over 90 species of pine exist. Oil is steam distilled all over the world from the needles and small branches. The root and wood chips are distilled to produce an inferior oil, other products are solvent extracted including gum turpentine. Distilled pine resin may be the source of oils marketed as “amber oil”. Other pine species are also distilled. Pine tar is a kiln-produced resinous exudate of pure pine gum.
  
  SAFETY: Avoid with allergenic conditions, avoid with prostate cancer. May be sensitizing to skin sensitive individuals. Oils that undergo oxidation are likely to contain more sensitizing and skin irritating ingredients. Therefore it is important to store pine oil under refrigeration and in darkness. Classification: monoterpene
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Used since pre-historic times by Native American herbal medicine, European folk medicine.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral (homeopathic dosage only), suppository; topical; inhalation
  - Detoxifier and lymphatic cleanser, removes lymphatic deposits and cleanses tissues, aids cellulite condition (Antisclerotic, diuretic, depurative)
  - Endocrine system support, good for thyroid balance, pancreatic support, pituitary balance, stimulates adrenals, has a cortisone-like action (Chologogue, choloretic, sudorific, antidiabetic, antiallergenic, deodorant)
  - Eases breathing, treats whooping cough, asthma, bronchitis, sinusitis, rhinitis, sore throat, laryngitis, purifies respiratory tract, stimulates and thins mucus production-best inhaled (Anti bacterial, antiviral, antiscorbutic, antiseptic, balsamic, antispasmodic, antitussive, decongestant, expectorant, tonic)
  - Muscle and joint pain, sciatica, support for Multiple Sclerosis, gout, arthritis, rheumatism (Antineuralgic, analgesic)
  - Prostate and uterine stimulant, relieves congestion, inflammation, infection, stimulates and balances hormone production
  - Cuts, sores, boils, eczema, psoriasis, scabies, lice, ringworm, skin parasites, oxygenates skin tissue-great for grey smoker’s skin (Antiparasitic, insecticide)
  - Inflamed gallbladder, hepatitis, intestinal worms, pancreatic disorders (Vermifuge)
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, lymphatic, muscular-skeletal, endocrine, genito-urinary, reproductive, respiratory, digestive, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Heart note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Increases vitality, self esteem, hope, raises energy levels
  - Purifies environment of negative energy and airborne bacteria, cleans and opens stagnant spaces
  - Chakra: (Third eye)
- RAVENSARE (Ravensara aromatica) and HAVOZO (Ravensara anisata)
  
  Steam distilled from leaves of the tree. (Another grade of oil is produced from the stems). 18
  different species of this tree exist in Madagascar. Cinnamomum camphora is commonly distilled
  and sold as true ravensare, but its medicinal properties are much less reﬁned. It is sometimes
  sold as ravintsara as well. True ravensare that is unadulterated is rare.
  
  SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Very low toxicity and high skin tolerance. Avoid using with
  infants and very young children.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Very long medicinal usage in Madagascar, among native peoples.
  Ravensare leaves, fruits, and seeds are all used, along with bark which is used to make rum.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  • Topical; inhalation; internal--oral, suppository.
  • Used extensively as a topical oil for treating wounds and infections. Can be applied neat
  like lavender to wounds, cuts, and abrasions. It produces dramatic results when used as
  a treatment for herpes zona (shingles), and may also be useful for cold sores and other
  herpes outbreaks. Combine with callophyllum inophyllum (Foraha) for this purpose.
  • Inhaled or applied topically to chest, it is effective for colds, viral and bacterial infections,
  bronchitis, sinusitus, rhinopharyngitis, and all respiratory infections or allergies. Helps
  relieve upper respiratory congestion.
  • Helpful for muscular pain and neuralgia. Relieves the pain of rheumatoid arthritis, and
  any kind of muscular or joint pain. Combines well with thyme--linalool chemotype for
  this purpose.
  • Helps move lymphatic congestion and detoxify the lymphatic system; especially after
  colds and ﬂu
  • It has been used to regenerate from immune suppressive conditions such as
  mononucleosis, Epstein Barr syndrome, inﬂuenza, chicken pox, typhus, glandular
  infections, and AIDS.
  • Eases digestion and helps to stimulate the gall bladder; useful when recovering from
  obesity.
  • Stimulates easy urine ﬂow; with continued use, it can eliminate genital herpes outbreaks.
  • As a spinal application, it can relieve anxiety and stress related disorders.
  
  Makes a great massage oil, helping to unwind neuromuscular patterns and pain.
  
  PERFUME NOTE: Top and heart notes
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  Relieves nervous fatigue; relaxes mind and body, aids insomnia
  Relieves fear and severe depression; helps one realize their potential and increase the desire for
  change
- ROCK ROSE
  Also called cistus or labdanum (Cistus ladaniferus, C. viscuosa, C. ladanosma)
  
  Steam distilled in Spain and the Middle East, from leaves and branches, gum, or resin.
  
  SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Classification: Monoterpene, alcohol
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Used extensively in the fragrance industry as a fixative for expensive perfumes.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Topical; inhalation
  - Helps ease hemorrhoids, colo-rectal bleeding, ulcers (Astringent, cicatrizant, hemostatic, drying)
  - Treatment for coughs and colds (Expectorant)
  - Relieves aches and pains, aids spinal degeneration, multiple sclerosis (Antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory)
  - Urinary infections, induces and balances menstruation
  - Viral infections, chicken pox, measles, scarlet fever, auto-immune conditions (Antiviral, antiseptic)
  - Helps stop any kind of hemorrhage, bleeding cuts, lymphatic cleanser and detoxifier
  - Mature skin and wrinkles, infected, gangrenous or diabetic wounds, regenerates skin tissue
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, respiratory, muscular skeletal, digestive, genito-urinary, reproductive, cardio-vascular, lymphatic, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Base note/fixative
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Brings out feelings and encourages communication
  - Brings to consciousness past lives and old buried memories
  - Emptiness, fear are eased
  - Chakra: Crown, above head (Heart, root)
  - Energetic properties: Opens energetic pathway between physical and emotional (Physical, 1st and 2nd levels) Clears emotional stagnation
- ROSALINA (Melaleuca ericifolia)
  Produced from leaves in Australia.
  
  SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: New oil to the aromatherapy market. Similar properties to tea tree oil. Classification: alcohol
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-suppository; topical; inhalation
  - Stimulates circulation and lymphatic drainage
  - Vapors open sinus and breathing passages, deepen breathing (Expectorant, decongestant)
  - Relieves muscular aches and pains (Analgesic, anti-inflammatory)
  - Disinfectant, immune stimulant (Antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiseptic)
  - Excellent for all forms of skin care, regenerating to skin tissue, may apply directly to wounds, scar tissue, infected or septic skin, sensitive skin
  - Treats vaginal infection, good for vaginal cleansing
  - Antiallergic
  - Good choice for massage oil for children and babies
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, respiratory, muscular-skeletal, endocrine, genito-urinary, reproductive, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Top note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Improves mental clarity
  - Warming
  - Has a high frequency, raises the frequency of other oils in blends
  - Great for increasing awareness /sensation in energy field
  - Purifying to the energetic environment-useful for neutralizing noxious energies in homes and buildings
  - Chakra:
- ROSE HIP SEED (Rosa rubiginosa)
  
  Produced from the seeds and rose hips, native to the Mediterranean. Available as a cold pressed oil or CO2 extract, this carrier type oil has a distinctive reddish color. Typically it has a short shelf life and should be stored under refrigeration for long periods.
  
  SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage.
  
  USAGE: Use as a carrier oil for skin rejuvenation. Blend with essential oils and other carriers.
  Rose hip is beautifying, restoring tone and vitality to aging or devitalized skin
  Moisturizing, reduces wrinkles
  Reduces spider veins, scarring-both old and new, and discoloration
  Blend with helichrysum and jojoba or fractionated coconut for a nightly facial treatment
  
  SPECIAL PROPERTIES:
  Rose hip seed oil has a very short shelf life. For optimal use, store it in the refrigerator
- ROSE or ROSE OTTO
  Also known as rose damask (Rosa damascena)
  
  Steam distilled from flowers in Bulgaria and Turkey. An absolute is produced in Egypt and Morocco by the same name.
  
  SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage if using steam distilled oil. Absolutes may produce reactions and sensitization and should not be used therapeutically. Classification: alcohol
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Used throughout history in aromatic medicine by many cultures, including Persia, India, Rome, Greece, Egypt, England, Arab and Native American.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral; topical; inhalation
  - Aids all skin problems, excellent for use on baby’s skin, acne, sensitive skin, broken capillaries, herpes, shingles, inflammations, radiation burns (Emollient)
  - Asthma, hay fever, sore throat, congestion
  - Relieves muscular aches, pains, inflammations (Anti-inflammatory)
  - Treats urinary infections, cystitis, irregular menstruation, cramps
  - Ulcers, vomiting, gallbladder and liver congestion, gingivitis, diarrhea
  - Tuberculosis and diphtheria
  - Lowers cholesterol, aids arrythmia and angina
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, respiratory, genito-urinary, reproductive, cardio-vascular, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Heart note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Highest frequency of any oil tested by Bruce Tainio, raises the frequency of cells, brings harmony to the body
  - Aids depression, melacholy, sadness, sorrow, disappointment, grief, heartache, post-partum depression, post-surgery depression
  - Enhances well-being, psychic protection, raises energy field frequency
  - Chakra: Balances all chakras (Heart)
  - Energetic properties: Opens energy flow through roof of mouth when inhaled, clears outer level of field, balances personal will and divine will levels
- ROSEMARY (Rosmarinus officianalis)
  Different oils are produced from the same species depending on where and how they are grown. Chemotypes include camphor (from Spain), Cineole (from France and Tunisia), verbenon (Corsica). Small amounts are produced in England and other European countries. Steam distilled from flowers and leaves.
  
  SAFETY: Rosmarinus officianalis CT-cineole is safe for pregnancy in low dilution. Avoid other chemotypes during pregnancy. Contains low ketones. Classification: ketone (ct-cineole classification: oxide)
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Established usage in ancient cultures, including Greek, Roman, Arabian, and Egyptian cultures. A valued cure and preventative for plague during the Middle Ages in Europe.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral, suppository; topical; inhalation
  - Treats indigestion, relieves gas, soothes intestines, increases liver and gall bladder metabolism, aids enlarged liver and liver obstructions, treats constipation (Antispasmodic, carminative, digestive, hepatic, laxative)
  - Treats all colds, bronchitis and respiratory infections (Antibacterial, antiviral)
  - Rheumatism, arthritis, muscular pain, contracture, paralysis, sprains, tendinitis, connective tissue injuries (Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, regenerative)
  - Disinfectant, immune stimulant (Antibacterial, antiseptic)
  - Regulates adrenals, eases menstrual cramps
  - Normalizes blood pressure, cardio-vascular tonic, aids arteriosclerosis
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, respiratory, digestive, muscular-skeletal, endocrine, reproductive, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Heart note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Improves hearing, sight, speech, all senses
  - Stimulates the brain, clears memory and mental fatigue
  - Purifies energy field
  - Chakra: Opens the throat chakra
- ROSEWOOD (Aniba roseadora, aniba parviflora)
  Sometimes called Bois de Rose
  
  Steam distilled in Brazil from bark of the tree. This plant is an endangered species, trees must be 40 years old to produce oil, and sustainable sources are said to be rare. Much of the oil found on the market is a blend of geranium and palmarosa with sandalwood. (Also grows in West Indies and India.)
  
  SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Classification: monoterpene alcohol
  
  USAGE HISTORY: An oil developed for the fragrance industry, all of the aromatherapy uses are fairly new. Plant used by Amazon peoples for its powerful skin rejuvenating properties.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral, suppository; topical; inhalation
  - Immune system stimulant, useful for adults and children (mild enough for babies, a good infant massage oil) (Antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiseptic)
  - Treats oral, respiratory, and viral infections (Antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal)
  - Regenerates and moisturizes the skin, cellular and tissue regenerator (Emollient)
  - Treatment for acne, dry skin, inflammation, dermatitis, normal skin, scars, wrinkles, fungal infection; effective deodorant for underarm use
  - Treats coughs and sore throats, especially children
  - Relaxant, stabilizes and balances central nervous system (Cephalic, general tonic, mild analgesic)
  - Treatment for genito-urinary infections, vaginal candida
  - Relieves headache and nausea
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, respiratory, genito-urinary, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Heart note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Aids depression, fatigue, jet lag
  - Helps sufferers of sexual abuse during recovery
  - Strengthens protective energy, wei chi
  - Aphrodisiac
  - Enlightening and uplifting
  - Chakras: Links root to crown
- RUE (Ruta graveolens)
  Steam distilled essential oil from the whole plant, produced in France, Spain, Mediterranean countries.
  
  SAFETY: Use with caution, avoid during pregnancy, lactation, or with children. May cause skin irritation and photosensitization, use only well diluted. Higher ketone content-do not use if high ketone levels are contraindicated. Use only for short duration and in low doses. Wait until you have experience with essential oil usage before using this oil.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Ancient Greek and Roman herbal medicines used it extensively, a recgnized cure for over 80 conditions. Also used in European and Native American herbal medicines.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral in homeopathic dosage only; topical-small areas only; inhalation
  - Relieves pain, treats arthritis pain, gout pain, sciatica (Nervine)
  - Induces menstruation, relieves cramping (Emmenogogue, abortifacient, antispasmodic)
  - Dilates blood vessels (Vasodilator)
  - Historic uses include antidote for snakebite and poisoning (homeopathic dosage), convulsions, hysteria (Antitoxic)
  - Relieves coughing, treats virus infection (Antitussive, antiviral, antiseptic, expectorant, detoxifier)
  - Relieves pain of poisonous stings and bites
  - Digestive system tonic, neutralizes toxins in intestines, tonifies stomach (Stomachic, carminative, aperitive, tonic, diuretic)
  - Systems: Immune, digestive, respiratory, nervous, reproductive
  PERFUME NOTE:
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Provides strong psychic and spiritual protection, good to use before energy work or ceremony
  - Chakra: Third eye
Essential Oils S-Z
- SAGE (Salvia officianalis)
  AND SPANISH SAGE (Salvia lavandifolia)
  
  Many varieties of sage exist. Produced from leaves in Spain, France, Italy, Yugoslavia.
  
  SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, and with small children. Contains low ketone content. Avoid with breast cancer and estrogen dependant conditions. Classification: diterpene, ketone, oxide, varies with species
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Established usage in ancient cultures around the world, including Egypt, Rome, Greece, India, North and Centro-America, Europe, Africa, and Asia.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral, suppository; topical; inhalation
  - Treats many microbial infections, including staph, strep, and viruses
  - Helps reabsorb mucus from sinuses and respiratory tract, treats bronchitis, colds, tuberculosis, and coughs (Expectorant, decongestant)
  - Helps pain in joints, muscles, and connective tissue injuries, arthritis, stiff neck, lumbago, sciatica (Anti-inflammatory)
  - Disinfectant, immune stimulant (Antibacterial, antiseptic, antiviral)
  - Regulates male and female hormones, menstrual cycle, eases menstrual cramps, PMS and menopausal symptoms, estrogen-like action for women
  - Balances endocrine system
  - Dissolves circulatory plaque-lowers blood cholesterol, regulates blood pressure and circulation
  - Suppresses perspiration and lactation
  - Aids cellular water balance, hydrating to skin, aids alopecia if due to hormone imbalance
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, respiratory, digestive, muscular-skeletal, cardio-vascular, lymphatic, endocrine, genito-urinary, reproductive, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Top note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Imroves depression, exhaustion, and grief
  - Stimulates the memory
  - Purifies energy field and environment of negativity
  - Enhances connection to higher self, spirit world, other dimensions
  - Chakra: Navel, solar plexus, heart
- SANDALWOOD, WESTERN AUSTRALIAN (Santalum spicatum)
  Steam distilled in western Australia from the wood of the tree, trees must be 30 years old before they will produce oil. The best oils come from trees between 40 and 60 years old. These are plantation grown and harvested sustainably, as opposed to the East Indian sandalwood known as Mysore (Santalum album) which is now an endangered species.
  
  SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Classification: sesquiterene
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Similar in composition to East Indian sandalwood, which has been used for thousands of years by Indian and Asian culture for perfumery, cosmetics, ceremonies and rituals, medicine, and incense.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral, suppository; topical; inhalation
  - Useful for many skin conditions, incuding infected wounds, cuts, burns, acne, dry, oily, aging or broken skin (Regenerator, cicatrizant, emollient, astringent, anti-inflammatory)
  - Strengthens connective tissue, treats muscle spasm, sciatica, nerve pain
  - Stimulates immune system, eases cough, sore throat, and strep or staph infections (Antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiseptic)
  - Increases fat metabolism, decongestant for lymphatic system
  - Helps diarrhea, indigestion, nausea or vomiting, tonic for intestines
  - Balances sex hormones, kidney and bladder infections, pelvic/prostate congestion or infection, increases libido (Aphrodisiac, relaxant, sedative, stimulant, decongestant)
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, digestive, endocrine, lymphatic, muscular-skeletal, respiratory, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Base note/fixative (Distinctive sandalwood aroma with a dry, bitter top note)
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Helps dreams, visions, meditation, altered states of consciousness
  - Emotionally uplifting, good for depression, obsessions, nervous tension, quiets the mind
  - Relieves grief, guilt over ties to the past, isolation and agressive tendencies
  - Chakra: Links crown and root
  - Used as a spiritual oil for centuries, sandalwood is known as the Great Receiver-it enhances receptivity. Used as a receiver for other essential oils during the distillation process, the resulting product is called an attar.
  - Sandalwood oil should be aged at least 6 months before use. Starting out as a light golden color, it will age over many years, gradually darkening. In five years, it will be a divine oil, in twenty years-worth its weight in gold!
- SAVORY
  DIAMONDHEART
  ESSENTIAL OILS GUIDE
  
  Also called mountain or winter savory (Sataureja montana), summer or garden savory (Sataureja hortensis)
  
  Other savory species produce a similar oil, including Calamintha montana, C. hortensis, Sataureja obovata. Most is steam distilled in France, from the whole plant.
  
  SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy and lactation or with children. Contains ketones, may be hepato-toxic with extensive use. Use low doses for short duration. May be irritating to skin of sensitive individuals, dilute well. Classification: phenol, terpene
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Used medicinally by ancient Egyptians, Romans, and Greeks, and throughout Europe since middle ages.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral in low dosage, short duration only, suppository; topical; inhalation
  - Warms and loosens muscles-good for any type of muscle pain or spasm (Analgesic, antispasmodic)
  - Reduces mucus in respiratory tract, treats tuberculosis, flu, viral or bacterial infection, swollen glands, tonsillitis, malaria (Expectorant, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antiseptic)
  - Digestive stimulant, regulates peristalsis, helps diarrhea, gas pains, flatulence, indigestion, constipation, treats worm infestation and parasites, stimulates adrenals (Antiparasitic, antiseptic, aperitive, carminative, digestive, tonic, vermifuge)
  - Circulatory stimulant, relieves low blood pressure
  - Reproductive tonic, balances and strengthens male hormones, induces menstruation, reduces candida and bacterial infection, treatment for cystitis, prostatitis, renal tuberculosis
  - Relieves inflammation of lymph nodes, immune globulin stimulant-boosts immune system
  - Systems: Immune, muscular skeletal, respiratory, digestive, cardiovascular, lymphatic, reproductive, genito-urinary, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Heart note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Stimulates the mind, reduces fatigue
  - Relaxes overactive nervous system
  - Chakra:
- SPEARMINT (Mentha spicata, M. spicata var. crispa, M. viridis)
  Produced in the USA, Morocco, North Africa and European Mediterranean countries, steam distilled from the leaves and flowering tops.
  
  SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Considered safe for children, dilute to <1%. Reduces milk production in lactating mothers. Classification: ketone monoterpene
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Used by ancient Egyptian, Greek, Roman physicians, And in Europe during the middle ages. Also used by Native American herbal medicine.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral, suppository; topical; inhalation
  - Relieves local pain, headaches, migraines, aching muscles, menstrual cramps, nerve pain (Local anesthetic, analgesic, antispasmodic)
  - Reduces excess mucus, opens sinuses and breathing passages, helps asthma, sinusitis, all respiratory problems (Decongestant, expectorant)
  - Digestive tonic, aids colic, gas pain, nausea, vomiting, bad breath, hiccups, liver ailments (Antiseptic, antitoxic, aperitive, chologogue, choleretic, digestive, hepatic, carminative)
  - Relieves itching, acne, skin inflamation, wounds, sores, tired or congested skin (Cicatrizant, stimulant, diurestic, antipruritic)
  - Repels mice and rodents, insects
  - Increases libido in males and females, balances sexuality
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, muscular-skeletal, reproductive, nervous, digestive
  PERFUME NOTE: Top note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Enhances access to a childlike, innocent state of mind
  - Increases strength and endurance, mental clarity and focus, memory, and senses
  - Increases and enhances communication
  - Chakra:
- SPIKE LAVENDER (Lavandula spica)
  Steam distilled in Mediterranean countries, including France, Portugal, Spain, and Italy.
  
  SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Do not take with blood thinning drugs. Classification: alcohol, ketone, oxide
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Used in the Mediterranean by various cultures, this oil is referred to in ancient Egyptian texts.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral, suppository; topical; inhalation
  - Great veterinary oil for horses and dogs-treats wounds, cuts, hoof dis-ease
  - Burns, all types of acne, athlete’s foot, ringworm, fungal infection (Antibacterial, antifungal, vulnerary, cicatrizant)
  - Ear infections, sore throats, bronchitis and laryngitis, strong immune stimulant (Antiviral, decongestant)
  - Mild cardiotonic, raises blood pressure
  - Digestive, helps gas, colitis, indigestion
  - Eases menstrual cramps-blend with sage
  - Good for nerve pain and headaches
  - Systems: Integumentary, immune, respiratory, muscular-skeletal, reproductive, cardio-vascular, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Top note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Calming to the spirit, aids depression
  - Becomes stimulating in high dosages
  - Cleansing and balancing in energy field
  - Chakra:
- SPIKENARD (Nardostachys jatamansi)
  Steam distilled from the root of the plant in India, Nepal, Tibet, and Asia.
  
  SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, and with small children. Classification: sesquiterpene, sesquiterpenone
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Established usage in Ayurvedic, Roman, Asian aromatic medicine. Mentioned in Holy Bible, found in ancient Egyptian tombs.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Topical; inhalation
  - Strong sedative effect treats insomnia, migraines, stress, and tension
  - Anti-allergic treats skin rashes, inflammations, scleroderma, mature skin (Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiseptic)
  - Treats hemorrhoids, varicose veins, regulates heartbeat, stimulates circulation, helps cardiac pain of nervous origin
  - Regulates male and female hormones, stimulates ovaries
  - One of the most effective oils for treating dandruff
  - Laxative effect
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, cardio-vascular, endocrine, reproductive, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Heart or base note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Aids in finding emotional and spiritual balance
  - Inspires devotion and generosity
  - Calms restlessness
  - Promotes inner connection and inner peace
  - Contained in one of the perfumed unguents found inside the tomb of Tutankhamen in 1923
  - One of the oils used in the ancient Egyptian mystery schools, in the process of ascension, it was considered worth its weight in gold
  - Enhances connection to the divine father/male aspect of God
  - Chakra: Heart and crown (root)
- SPRUCE (P. sitchensis)
  ... and BLACK SPRUCE (Picea mariana)
  
  Produced by steam distillation in Canada. Other varieties may be available from Austria.
  
  SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Monoterpene ester classification.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Established usage in European and Native American medicine.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-suppository; topical; inhalation (Do not use orally, except in homeopathic dosage.)
  - Treats intestinal fungal infections (Candida and parasites) (Parasiticide)
  - Respiratory tonic and antiseptic, treats bronchitis, asthma, coughs (Expectorant, antitussive)
  - Relieves muscle aches, poor circulation, aching joints, arthritis (Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, cortisone-like action)
  - Relieves prostate inflammation, vaginal candida
  - Acne, dry eczema, helps to tighten tissue with excess water content (Diuretic)
  - Aids hyperthyroid, pituitary balance, restores depleted adrenals, ovarian tonic
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, respiratory, muscular-skeletal, digestive, endocrine, genito-urinary, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE:
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Removes emotional blocks, provides feelings of protection
  - Eases experience of loss, encourages communication
  - Very grounding, yet emotionally uplifting
  - Chakra: Throat, brow, solar plexus (opens crown-root connection)
  - Energetic properties: Masculine/neutral, opens feet and etheric body (1st level), increases energy flow in brain, lessens “thinking”, increases “awareness” and mental receptivity
- ST. JOHNSWORT (Hypericum perforatum)
  (Many species-over 400 exist worldwide)
  
  Produced in Germany, France, Europe and Asia. Steam distilled from the flower of the plant-rare and costly since only a small amount of oil is produced. More often available as an infused oil or CO2 extract.
  
  SAFETY: Possible sensitization and phototoxicity-do not use within 24 hours of direct sun or UV light exposure.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Used in Asian and African cultures since pre-historic times. European herbal medicine usage since the Middle ages.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral; topical
  - Immune system stimulant, infused oils and CO2 extracts contain hypericin and pseudohypericin, shown in labratory studies to inhibit the AIDS virus (Antiviral, expectorant, anti-infectious, antiseptic, antifungal)
  - Penetrates skin and tissue faster than any other known oil-useful in topical blends to increase the penetration of oils
  - Good scalp treatment, for oily hair or dandruff, pimples, skin inflammation, wounds, fungal infection (Astringent, analgesic, antibacterial, vulnerary)
  - Treats prostatitis, vaginitis, inflamed kidneys, endometriosis, uterine congestion or inflammation, vaginal inflammation (Emmenagogue, blood purifier, tonic, antispasmodic, antibacterial, antiseptic)
  - Relieves sore muscles, pain of neck and back injuries, spinal trauma, enhances unwinding process, enables cellular release of patterns and trauma-a great oil for enhancing massage, rolfing, chiropractic treatment, and bodywork
  - Repairs nerve damage
  - Systems: Immune, integumantary, muscular-skeletal, reproductive, genito-urinary, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE:
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Mood uplifting and euphoric
  - Clearing to lower levels of energy body, increases energy flow between physical and energetic bodies
  - Cuts through emotional and mental clouds
  - Chakra: Balances all chakras
- STYRAX STYRAX
  Also called storax, sweet gum (Liquidambar styraciflua, L. orientalis, Balsam styracis)
  
  Produced from the gum or resin of the tree by steam distillation in Honduras, Guatemala, Asia. Absolutes are also produced from the same species.
  
  SAFETY: This oil is generally regarded as safe at normal dosage. (Approved by FDA as a food additive.) It does have a very mild ketone content, but is generally regarded as safe for children and sensitive individuals. Classification: alcohol, ester
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Used by native American medicine and early American pioneers, ancient Egyptian and Asian cultures. Referred to in biblical texts as “Balm of Gilead”, several other substances were also referred to by the same name.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral; topical; inhalation
  - Helpful for all respiratory ailments, sinusitis, asthma, bronchitis, excess mucus, pneumonia, colds (Decongestant, balsamic, expectorant, antitussive)
  - Skin healing properties, good for hemorrhoids, cuts, ulcers, abscesses, canker sores, closes wounds, psoriasis, eczema, acne, ringworm, itching (Astringent, cicatrizant, antipruritic, antiseptic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory)
  - Breaks down cellulite, removes lymphatic deposits
  - Nourishes the nervous system (Nervine)
  - Systems: Lymphatic, immune, integumentary, respiratory, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Base note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Reduces anxiety, stress, and anger, neutralizes the emotions
  - Used in perfume, tobacco, candy, and soft drinks for its sweet flavor and satisfying energy
  - Sleep inducing and hypnotic, some find stimulating
  - Clears vision
  - Helps ground nervous energy, creates the feeling of fullfillment in energy body
  - Chakra: (Root)
- TANSY or Blue tansy (Tanacetum annuum)
  Produced in France, Spain, Morocco from the leaves of the plant. Steam distillation produces azulene which gives the oil a blue color. Often mislabeled or marketed as “wild”, “blue”, or “Moroccan” chamomile, it is not a chamomile and should not be used in place of German chamomile (Matricaria recutita). Similar species, Tanacetum vulgare or Chrysanthemum vulgare, are also distilled and marketed as Common tansy-these oils are more toxic and should not be used for aromatherapy.
  
  SAFETY: Avoid use during pregnancy, lactation, and with small children. Based on oil chemistry, appears safe at normal dosage even for pregnancy, many sources recommend avoiding it-probably based on mislabeling of common tansy.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Used in ancient Egyptian and Mediterranean cultures’ herbology.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral at homeopathic dosage only; topical; inhalation
  - Treatment for sprains, rheumatism, arthritis, sciatica (Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antispasmodic)
  - Reduces effects of allergic responses-good for skin allergies, asthma, other allergies (Anti-allergic, mimics anti-histamine)
  - Reduces fever, treats colds and respiratory infection, boosts immune system, supports balance in white blood cell production-may be helpful for leukemia, nourishes spleen (Febrifuge, diaphoretic, stimulant, tonic)
  - Balances blood sugar-useful for diabetics
  - Eliminates bruises, itching, skin irritation, rashes, couperose skin, cysts (Antipruritic)
  - Hormone like actions, stimulates thymus (Emmenogogue)
  - Reduces blood pressure (Hypotensive)
  - Aids digestion, treats dyspepsia, intestinal worms, gas bloating (Vermifuge, carminative, digestive, anthelmintic)
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, digestive, endocrine, reproductive, cardio-vascular, respiratory
  PERFUME NOTE: Heart note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Relieves nervousness, anxiety, tension, and stress
  - Boosts courage and valor
  - Chakra:
- TARRAGON (Artemisia dracunculus)
  Also called French tarragon or estragon.
  
  Steam distilled from the whole plant in France, eastern Europe, Africa.
  
  SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, and with small children. Phototoxic-avoid direct sun or UV light exposure within 24 hours of application to skin. Use in small amounts due extreme potency of this oil. Classification: ether, contains coumarin
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Used by European herbalists since the Middle ages. Also used in Russian, Egyptian, Greek, Roman, and Native American medicine.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral, homeopathic dosage only; topical; inhalation
  - Strong tonic for the immune system and whole body, helps colds, headaches, spastic coughs (Tonic, antiviral, antibacterial, antispasmodic, antiallergenic)
  - Heart tonic, eases heart spasm and palpitations
  - Eases muscular pain and spasm, sciatica, helpful for releasing pattern from myofascial and cellular tissue (Anti-inflammatory, neuromuscular antispasmodic)
  - Induces menstruation, eases labor and delivery-induces abortion, relieves painful periods and PMS symptoms (Emmenogogue)
  - Relieves anorexia, hiccups, gas pain, belching, colitis, intestinal worms, supports liver, gall bladder (Hepatic, chologogue, digestive, stomachic, carminative, aperitive, laxative, parasiticide, antioxidant)
  - Balances autonomic nervous system, eases tendency toward convulsions
  - Systems: Immune, muscular-skeletal, endocrine, reproductive, digestive, nervous, cardio-vascular, respiratory
  PERFUME NOTE: Top note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Increases mental clarity
  - Relaxing and hypnotic, helpful for reaching altered states of perception, meditation, hypnotherapy
  - Chakra:
- TEA TREE (Melaleuca alternifolia, M. linarifolia, M. uncinata)
  The oil is steam distilled from the leaves and branches of the tree, over 100 different varieties of melaleuca exist. Oil is produced in Australia.
  
  SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Classification: monoterpene alcohol
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Used during World War II as a disinfectant and wound treatment. Used in Australian folk medicine.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral, suppository; topical; inhalation
  - Immune stimulant, treatment for colds, flu, fever, staph and strep infections, candida, viral infections, wide spectrum antibacterial including Krebs, entero, coli., proteus, etc. (Antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiseptic)
  - Treatment for bronchitis, lung infection, coughs, tuberculosis, tonsillitis, ear, nose, and throat infections (Decongestant, balsamic, expectorant)
  - Healing to skin, useful for acne, athlete’s foot, herpes, rashes, impetigo, ringworm, wounds; may need to use undiluted for certain applications such as ringworm, fungal infections (Cicatrizant, antipruritic, vulnerary)
  - Good treatment for bacterial parasites in digestive system (Antiparasitic, insecticide)
  - Stimulates circulation, strengthens capillaries, stimulates lymph circulation
  - Effective treatment for mouth and gum sores, abscesses, pyorrhea, sore throat
  - Treats vaginitis, cystitis, vaginal candida, all genital and reproductive infections
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, digestive, lymphatic, muscular-skeletal, genito-urinary, reproductive, cardiovascular, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Top note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Increases energy
  - Helps relieve shock from trauma
  - Relieves depression, exhaustion, and nervousness
  - Generally strengthening to the nervous system, stimulates chi flow
  - Chakra: Enhances movement in all chakras, clears stagnant energy
  - Helps get out of mental “rut”
- THUJA (Thuja occidentalis)
  Also called white cedar
  Produced from leaves and branches by steam distillation in China, Canada, USA. A different oil is also produced from heartwood of the red cedar (Thuja plicata), also marketed as “thuja”.
  
  SAFETY: High ketone content. Avoid use if other oils will work. Avoid internal use, use with sensitive individuals, during pregnancy or lactation, with children, and observe all high ketone contraindications. Classification: ketone
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Native American medicinal herb.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Topical; inhalation; do not use internally
  - Has anticancer and antitumor properties (Anticancer, antiallergic, antitumor)
  - Strong antiviral, inhalation helps damp cough (Expectorant, mucolytic, antiviral, anti-infectious, sudorific)
  - Relieves muscle and joint pain, rheumatism (Antirheumatic)
  - Strengthens and tones heart, uterus, nerve tissue (Tonic, hypotensor, hemostatic)
  - Treatment for viral warts, venereal warts and genital herpes
  - Treats cystitis, urinary inflammation, menstrual irregularity and discomfort, prostate swelling (Emmenogogue, astringent, antiseptic)
  - Treats acne, oily skin, cold sores, psoriasis, alopecia, warts, tumors, papillomas, polyps, condylomas (viral warts), soothes poison ivy and poison plant rashes (Astringent, cicatrizant, rubefacient, counterirritant)
  - Insect repellant, parasiticide, vermifuge
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, cardio-vascular, respiratory, muscular-skeletal, genito-urinary, reproductive
  PERFUME NOTE: Base or heart note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Used by ancient Egyptians for mummification process and as a ritual incense
  - Increases conscious thought, stimulates and opens mental body
  - Chakra: (Root and third eye)
- THYME
  Also called Red Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and White thyme (Thymus zygis)
  
  A number of different chemotypes are produced from thymus vulgaris, including thymol. citral, linalol, and thuyanol types. Steam distilled in France, Spain, Germany, and other European countries.
  
  SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, and with small children. Contains phenols-may be irritating to the skin. Classification: phenol, alcohol, terpene, ester-varies with ct. May have moderate ketone content
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Ancient usage in Egypt, Greece, and Rome. Used in traditional European medicine during the Middle Ages. An extract was used in World War I as an antiseptic to treat soldiers’ wounds.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral, suppository; topical; inhalation
  - Improves digestion, cleanses intestines (Stomachic, depurative)
  - Vapors open sinus and breathing passages, flu and cough treatment (Bronchodilator, antitussive)
  - Disinfectant, large spectrum antibacterial used to treat many bacterial infections including staph, strep, E. coli, Proteus, and anthrax (Antibacterial, antifungal, antiseptic, antiviral)
  - Stimulates thyroid, metabolism, and adrenal cortex
  - Enhances physical endurance and energy
  - Treats arthritis, aches and pains-causes a heating effect
  - Treatment for vaginal infection, urinary and kidney imbalances
  - Detoxification-clears mucus build-up, aids acne and cellulite conditions
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, respiratory, muscular-skeletal, digestive, cardio-vascular, endocrine, genito-urinary, reproductive, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Base note/fixative
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Improves mental clarity and alertness
  - Gives courage, helps trauma, anger, and mental blocks
  - Good for relieving depression
  - Chakra: Solar plexus
- TURMERIC (Curcuma longa, curcuma domestica, c. zeodaria)
  Steam distilled and CO2 extracted, from the root, mainly in India and China. Production of this oil is rare. Plant is a relative of ginger.
  
  SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Little data is available. Root has been used for many centuries as an herbal remedy in Ayurvedic medicine, Hawaiian traditional medicine, and Chinese traditional medicine.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral; topical; inhalation
  - Natural antibiotic, useful especially for sinus and respiratory infections and funguses that have become chronic (Antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant)
  - Natural regenerative for liver, gallbladder, digestive system when taken internally; treats peptic ulcersintestinal disorders (Choleretic, laxative, digestive stimulant, carminative, stomachic)
  - Strong anti-tumoral action, treatment for uterine cancer
  - Tonic for all body systems, safe for long term use
  - Immune system builder, blood cleanser, detoxifyer; aids in weight reduction (Hypotensive, diuretic)
  - Relieves muscle aches and pains, arthritis pain (Anti-inflammative)
  - Insect repellant, parasite treatment (Insecticidal, anti-parasitic, anthelmintic)
  - Increases libido
  - Systems: Immune, cardio-vascular, respiratory, muscular-skeletal, digestive, reproductive
  PERFUME NOTE: Heart note
- VALERIAN (Valeriana officianalis)
  Steam distilled in France, Europe, England, USA from the roots of the plant.
  
  SAFETY: Appears safe at normal dosage. Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, and with small children. Classification: ester, sesquiterpene
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Used in European, Asian, and Native American herbal medicine.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral; topical; inhalation
  - Useful for calming the nervous system, treats convulsions, neuralgia, hysteria, epilepsy (Analgesic, anti-spasmodic, anticonvulsive, hypnotic, sedative, tranqilizer)
  - Great for relieving insomnia-blend with neroli or champaca
  - Stops heart palpitations, heart pain, and spasms
  - Antibacterial and fever reducer (Febrifuge)
  - Antiseptic for wounds, reduces itching
  - Strong nerve tonic, lowers blood pressure
  - Diuretic, reduces excess water in tissues
  - Systems: Integumentary, immune, cardio-vascular, nervous, muscular-skeletal
  PERFUME NOTE: Base note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Relieves anxiety, headaches, restlessness and agitation
  - Enhances courage, relieves fear
  - Produces the feeling of inner strength and tranquility
  - Helps to create emotional detachment
  - Chakra:
- VANILLA (Vanilla fragrans, V. planifolia)
  The only essential oil made from an orchid, the oil is obtained by CO2 extraction from the pods of the plant. Also produced as an absolute or a tincture. Produced in Madagascar, Mexico, Indonesia. Oil is widely adulterated, be aware of sources. Extensive use by the flavor and fragrance industries.
  
  SAFETY: Appears safe at normal dosage. Avoid during pregnancy-induces menstruation. Classification: aldehyde
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Used since 16th century in Europe, ancient Aztec herbal remedy and flavoring.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral; topical; inhalation
  - Ancient use as a poison antidote, digestive tonic
  - Induces menstruation (Emmenogogue)
  - Liquifies thick mucus-helps expell excess (Balsamic)
  - Aphrodisiac, nerve sedative
  - Used in perfumes and to flavor foods and pharmaceuticals
  - Systems: Nervous, reproductive, respiratory, digestive
  PERFUME NOTE: Base note/fixative Useful for making blends more appealing, especially to children
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Calming, eases tension, anger, frustration
  - Eases sleep, increases dreaming
  - Strengthens memory
  - Chakra:
- VETIVER (Vetiveria zizanoides, Andropogon muricatus)
  Steam distilled from the roots of the grass, produced in Haiti, India, Madagascar, China, El Salvador. (Chinese vetiver has a high acid content, may cause skin reactions in sensitive individuals.)
  
  SAFETY: Pure vetiver is considered safe at normal dosage. Vetiver is widely adulterated with synthetics, which may cause dermatitis and skin reactions. Classification: alcohol, ketone
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Fairly new to the aromatherapy market, it has been used locally in Russia, India, and Asia for medicinal use. Used extensively as a flavoring agent for foods and drinks, and as a fixative for perfumes.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral, suppository; topical;
  - Heart tonic, fortifies and stimulates red blood cell production, increases oxygen in blood, vasodilator, stimulates circulation-venous and arterial, detoxifies blood and connective tissue (Detoxifier, tonic)
  - Stimulates depressed immune system, stimulates lymphatic circulation, detoxifies lymph system (Depurative)
  - Reduces fever
  - Reduces liver congestion, pancreas deficiency, may assist with diabetes, glandular tonic
  - Treatment for dry, mature, and aging skin-softens and improves skin tone, tightens slack skin, hydrates and detoxifies connective tissue and epidermis (Revitalizing, rejuvenator)
  - Urinary system tonic, increases cellular absorption, raises libido, eases menstruation and post partum depression (Antispasmodic, emmenagogue, calmative, sedative)
  - Systems: Cardio-vascular, muscular-skeletal, immune, lymphatic, endocrine, integumentary, genito-urinary, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Base note/fixative
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Grounds and balances central nervous system; helps insomnia, depression, exhaustion, stress
  - Helps to ease off use of tranquillizers
  - Cleanses and purifies human energy field, strengthens energetic boundary, increases vital energy flow, grounds mental and emotional bodies
  - Chakra: Root, navel, solar plexus
- VITEX (Vitex agnus castus) Also known as chaste berry
  Steam distilled from the leaves or berries of the plant, in Crete, Turkey, other Mediterranean countries.
  
  Steam distilled from the berries (considered the finest) and the leaves.
  
  SAFETY: Avoid during last two trimesters of pregnancy and with small children. Very safe, can be taken orally for several years without adverse effects. To recieve full benefits with a chronic condition, vitex may need to be taken orally for 6 months or longer.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Very little is currently known about vitex essential oil, it is fairly new to the aromatherapy market. Much of the information is based on medicinal use of the plant. The berries have been used medicinally for over 2,000 years in Egypt and Mediterranean cultures.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral, suppository; topical
  - Known as a female hormone balancer, vitex balances estrogen and progesterone levels
  - Increases fertility, helps regulate ovulation
  - Regulates, stimulates, and enhances pituitary function
  - Alleviates painful menstruation, irregular periods, PMS symptoms, water retention, menopause symptoms
  - Acne treatment when related to hormonal imbalance
  - Aids the body in recovering natural hormone balance after use of birth control pills
  - Can be used safely through the third month of pregnancy to prevent miscarriage, after that it may cause premature milk production (Galactogogue)
  - Should not be taken internally while taking birth control pills-may interfere with the drug
  - Treats fibrocystic disease, heart pains, edema, constipation, endometriosis
  - Systems: Cardio-vascular, endocrine, reproductive, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Heart note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Relieves menopausal anxiety and emotion swings
  - Reduces emotional symptoms connected with hormonal imbalance
  - Steadies the emotional body
  - Moves stagnant energy in root and pelvic chakras, relieves blood stagnation
  - Chakra:
- WHITE SAGE (Salvia apiana)
  Very rare, steam distilled by artisan distillers from the leaves of the plant. Our supply is Ecocert certified organic from a distiller in Canada.
  
  SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, or with small children.
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Used in the western USA by Native Americans for smudging and purification ceremonies.
  
  PROPERTIES: (Inferred from Salvia officianalis)
  - Internal-suppository; topical; inhalation
  - Useful for flu, colds, bacterial infections, coughs (Immune stimulant, antibacterial, antiviral)
  - Balances and regulates hormones
  - Eases menopausal symptoms, sweating, hot flashes
  - Raises blood sugar levels, decreases cholesterol levels, gallbladder and liver tonic, aids elimination of toxins from cells, liver, intestines (Digestive, chologogue, choleretic, hepatic, emmenagogue)
  - Treats psoriasis, cold sores, radiation burns, skin ulcers, herpes and shingles, insect bites, regenerates scar tissue (Cicatrizant, antiseptic, insecticidal)
  - Promotes hair growth and regrowth
  - Sciatica, muscle and joint pain, arthritis, stiff neck, lumbago (Anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic)
  - Systems: Cardio-vascular, integumentary, immune, lymphatic, muscular-skeletal, digestive, endocrine, reproductive, nervous, respiratory
  PERFUME NOTE: Top note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Amazingly energetic oil, recommended for ritual, ceremonial use
  - Opens all joints and minor chakras
  - Stabilizes and aligns many energy flows at once
  - Increases spiritual awareness
  - Strengthens earth connection, flow of energy from earth upward
  - Enhances receptivity
  - Chakras: Root, heart, crown (solar plexus, navel)
- WINTERGREEN (Gaultheria fragrantissima, G. procumbens)
  Produced by steam distillation in Nepal. Rarely available in unadulterated form, usually contains synthetic methyl salicylate. A red color indicates impurities, iron content.
  
  SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, with small children. May produce skin irritation in sensitive individuals, may be sensitizing. Use with other oils, dilute well, use in small amounts. Classification: ester, alcohol
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Used medicinally in Native American cultures.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral, homeopathic dosage only; topical; inhalation
  - Relieves arthritis pain, sore muscles, rheumatism, tendinitis, sprains, injuries (Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antirheumatic, antispasmodic)
  - Contains methyl salicylate-similar to aspirin for pain reduction
  - Stimulates liver, relieves liver congestion (Hepato-stimulant, diuretic)
  - Relieves menstrual pain and cramps (Antispasmodic, emmenogogue)
  - Relieves coughs (Antitussive)
  - Prevents heart disease, lowers blood pressure (Hypotensor)
  - Skin inflammations, eczema, acne and blemishes, gum disease
  - Relieves bone pain, helps open energy flow through bones, heals bone diseases
  - Systems: Digestive, cardio-vascular, respiratory, muscular-skeletal, reproductive, integumentary, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Top or heart note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Stimulating, refreshing aroma awakens mind and relieves mental cloudiness
  - Clears senses, vision and hearing
  - Chakra:
- YARROW (Achillea millefolium)
  Oil is steam distilled from the flowering plant. Produced in England, Europe, Asia, and China.
  
  SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, or with small children. Moderate ketone content. Classification: sesquiterpene ketone
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Ancient usage by European, Chinese, NorthAmerican, and Asian aromatic medicines.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Internal-oral, suppository; topical; inhalation
  - Relieves bone and muscle pain, nerve pain, healing to sprains, strains, contusions and bruises (Anti-inflammatory, antiseptic)
  - Stimulates bone marrow and blood renewal, helps hypertension, arteriosclerosis, and varicose veins
  - Pelvic inflammatory disease, cystitis, bladder, and kidney infections, prostate decongestant, regulates menstruation and menopausal symptoms, breast fibroids
  - Constipation, gout, hemorrhoids, aids fat digestion, helps detoxification of drugs and alcohol
  - Acne, burns, rashes, skin lesions, scars, wounds, stops bleeding, provides some protection from radiation burns when undergoing radiation therapy, balances oily skin and scalp
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, respiratoy, muscular-skeletal, digestive, cardio-vascular, endocrine, genito-urinary, reproductive, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Top note
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Helps open to cosmic energy and awareness
  - Balances and supports intuition
  - Enhances positive dream state
  - Chakra:
- YLANG YLANG (Cananga odorata)
  Produced in Madagascar, Phillippines, Comores. Extra grade (sometimes called bourbon) is produced during the first hour of distillation. Grades 1 through 5 are produced later and later during distillation, which can last over 24 hours.
  
  SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Classification: esters
  
  USAGE HISTORY: Traditional usage in Indonesia and Malaya.
  
  PROPERTIES:
  - Topical, inhalation.
  - Lowers blood pressure, eases heart palpitations, regulates heartbeat
  - Slows elevated breathing, good for stopping hyperventilation
  - Endocrine regulator, aids thymus, pancreas, adrenals, balances hormones
  - Treats malaria, typhoid
  - Reduces fever (Febrifuge)
  - Urinary tonic
  - Systems: Immune, integumentary, respiratory, endocrine, reproductive, cardio-vascular, nervous
  PERFUME NOTE: Base note/fixative
  
  EMOTIONAL/SPIRITUAL:
  - Relieves anger, rage, depression, insomnia, tension, stress, fear, anxiety, low self-esteem, shock, panic
  - Aphrodisiac
  - Relaxes nervous system
  - Brings consciousness to the present
  - Chakra: Root, navel, solar plexus, heart
  - Energetic properties: Feminine/neutral, sensitizes and stimulates etheric body (1st level), especially activates sense of smell and taste, clears emotional debris, helps to access a child-like mental space free of judgement (beginner’s mind)